Figure 2.

Genome Evolution and Disease Resistance

(A) Phylogenetic tree and divergence time of two Panax species. The events of WGD and WGT were represented by red and green asterisks, respectively.

(B) Detection of whole-genome duplication events of two Panax species by 4-fold degenerate synonymous sites (4DTv) comparisons.

(C) Calculated LTR insertion time of two Panax species compared with other related species.

(D) The maximum likelihood tree constructed using LTR copia. For simplicity, 1,000 LTR sequences were randomly selected for each species. Blue, green, and red colors represent P. notoginseng, P. ginseng, and D. carota, respectively.

(E) Pairwise sequential Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analysis of the historical effective population size of P. notoginseng. Global sea level and surface air temperatures are shown in blue and yellow lines, respectively.

(F) Comparison of number of R-genes and two transcription factor genes among six species.