Table 4.

IPA of differentiated genes in male and female ALIOS-fed mice at 52 wk

Biological Function	P Value	Genes, n
Males
Diseases and disorders
Cancer	1.04 × 10−14 to 1.69 × 10−88	4,093
Organismal injury and abnormalities	1.04 × 10−14 to 1.69 × 10−88	4,206
Endocrine system disorders	1.03 × 10−27 to 2.92 × 10−70	3,316
Gastrointestinal disease	6.12 × 10−15 to 9.14 × 10−57	3,682
Inflammatory response	9.02 × 10−15 to 7.51 × 10−54	1,364
Molecular and cellular functions
Cell death and survival	7.61 × 10−15 to 2.49 × 10−72	1,622
Cellular movement	7.21 × 10−15 to 6.10 × 10−68	1,216
Cellular compromise	5.16 × 10−19 to 7.51 × 10−54	354
Cell-to-cell signaling and interaction	1.07 × 10−14 to 6.98 × 10−41	953
Lipid metabolism	1.10 × 10−14 to 1.40 × 10−39	797
Top toxicology list		Overlap (ratio)
NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response	2.83 × 10−15	42.1% (101/240)
Liver necrosis/cell death	6.98 × 10−15	38.5% (124/322)
Renal necrosis/cell death	1.40 × 10−14	33.3% (191/573)
Hepatic fibrosis	1.41 × 10−13	51.4% (57/111)
Xenobiotic metabolism signaling	1.19 × 10−11	35.2% (123/349)
Females
Diseases and disorders
Cancer	8.17 × 10−15 to 2.35 × 10−78	3,434
Organismal injury and abnormalities	1.86 × 10−14 to 2.35 × 10−78	3,528
Endocrine system disorders	1.94 × 10−36 to 3.14 × 10−64	2,815
Inflammatory response	1.29 × 10−14 to 7.07 × 10−56	1,187
Gastrointestinal disease	1.09 × 10−14 to 3.97 × 10−51	3,122
Molecular and cellular functions
Cell death and survival	1.35 × 10−14 to 7.31 × 10−58	1,375
Cellular movement	1.32 × 10−14 to 2.23 × 10−55	999
Cellular compromise	1.35 × 10−14 to 4.09 × 10−55	374
Cellular function and maintenance	2.32 × 10−15 to 1.81 × 10−50	1,237
Cell-to-cell signaling and interaction	1.75 × 10−14 to 1.79 × 10−41	707
Top toxicology list		Overlap (ratio)
Hepatic fibrosis	2.00 × 10−16	50.5% (56/111)
Renal necrosis/cell death	5.35 × 10−13	28.4% (163/573)
Liver necrosis/cell death	1.11 × 10−12	32.6% (105/322)
Increases liver steatosis	3.83 × 10−12	45.0% (49/109)

Data represent the number of genes up- or downregulated in American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome (ALIOS) diet-fed mice at 52 wk. Biological functions, molecular functions, and top toxicology lists were assigned using findings extracted from literature and stored in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). P values were determined by IPA software using Fisher exact test and determine the probability that the pathway or function assigned is explained by chance alone. The percentage overlap and ratio were calculated from the number of observed genes compared with the number of known genes for that category in the Ingenuity Knowledge Base. NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.