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. 2020 Jul 22;319(3):C552–C560. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00094.2020

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Assessment of hepatic phenotype in microfluidic chambers. A: albumin ELISA from three types of culture systems compared in this study. Statistical significance established using Mann–Whitney test. B: analysis of total bile acids reveals higher levels in three-dimensional (3-D) small-volume cultures (3S) cultures compared with two-dimensional microfluidic cultures (2S) and 3-D large-volume cultures (3L) cultures. Statistical significance established with Mann–Whitney test. C: enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) assessed at day 14. Statistical significance established by Welch’s t test. D and E: confocal microscopy and 3-D reconstruction images of albumin and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MARP2) immunofluorescence confirm that hepatocyte spheroids in small-volume cultures strongly express these markers of hepatic phenotype at 1 wk of culture. Scale bar: 20 µm. Day 7 of culture. RLU, relative light units. *P < 0.05.