Fig. 3.

Change in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in tobacco cigarette (TC) smokers after TC smoking. In TC smokers, FMD was significantly impaired pre-/postacute TC smoking (n = 31) compared with pre-/post-sham control (n = 32), whether reported as percent change (%∆; A), absolute change (mm∆; B), or normalized for shear stress [arbitrary units ∆ (AU∆); C]. Mean postexposure minus baseline differences were compared across TC and sham control using a t-tests and displayed as mean (25–75%) with whiskers to minimum to maximum of the data.