Table 4.

Associations Between Glycohemoglobin (%) and Lumbar Bone Mineral Density (g/cm²)

	Model 1 β (95% CI, P)	Model 2 β (95% CI, P)	Model 3 β (95% CI, P)
Total	0.007 (0.003, 0.011) <0.001	0.010 (0.005, 0.014) <0.001	−0.002 (−0.010, 0.007) 0.712
Males with diabetes	0.004 (−0.005, 0.013) 0.361	0.006 (−0.002, 0.014) 0.171	0.003 (−0.013, 0.019) 0.723
Females with diabetes	0.006 (−0.002, 0.014) 0.124	0.008 (0.001, 0.015) 0.033	0.006 (−0.009, 0.021) 0.423
Males without diabetes	−0.009 (−0.028, 0.011) 0.386	−0.017 (−0.037, 0.003) 0.087	−0.002 (−0.024, 0.020) 0.843
Females without diabetes	−0.057 (−0.076, −0.038) <0.001	−0.034 (−0.053, −0.015) <0.001	−0.030 (−0.050, −0.009) 0.005

Notes: Model 1: no covariates were adjusted. Model 2: age, gender, race were adjusted. Model 3: age, gender (not adjusted for in the subgroup analyses), race, educational level, body mass index, ratio of family income to poverty, vigorous recreational activities, smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, total protein, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, serum uric acid, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum phosphorus, serum calcium, and serum glucose were adjusted.