Figure 4.

Immunological-related members indicate a stimulus of bone remodeling in response to HAnano® surfaces. Transcriptional profile determination of (a) Il1β, (b) Rankl, (c) Opg, and (d) Rankl/Opg ratio in osteoblasts subjected to implants up to 72 h was evaluated by qPCR technology. The relative gene expression levels were determined using the cycle threshold (Ct) method and showed in a graphical format with normalized values as a function of the control assigned value 1. The results represented as mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗P < 0.0001, and ∗∗∗∗P < 0.00001 when compared to Ctrl and ∗∗∗P < 0.0001 and ∗∗∗∗P < 0.00001 when compared to SLActive®.