NO‐generating nanoparticles to inhibit aerobic respiration and elevate cellular O2 level for enhancing PDT. a) Schematic illustration for the composition and cellular working mechanism of NO‐generating nanoparticles. TPP, tetraphenylporphyrin; SNP, sodium nitroprusside; RSH, thiol substrates (such as glutathione and cysteine); RSNO, S‐nitrosothiol; PV‐TS, SNP and TPP coloaded polymeric nanovesicles. b) Semiquantitative determination of mitochondrial transmembrane potential ΔΨm by fluorescence 5,5’,6,6’‐tetrachloro‐1,1’,3,3’‐tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide (JC‐1) analysis. The J‐aggregate (red fluorescence) will form from JC‐1 monomer (green fluorescence) when ΔΨm increases, and this process is reversible. PV‐T, TPP‐loaded polymeric nanovesicles. c) Relative tumor volume of mice after different treatments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Reproduced with permission.[
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] Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society.