Table 1.

Description of the Institute of Gender and Health funded projects

Project	Objective of research project	Setting/target population	Study design	Sex/gender analysis
Does One Size Fit All? The Implications of Gender for Operating Room (OR) Team Performance, Teamwork Interventions, and Equitable Patient Outcomes (Team 1)	(1) To examine the interrelationship between OR team gender composition, individual clinician sex for each professional role, intraoperative teamwork performance and patient outcomes; (2) to qualitatively explore barriers and facilitators to effective teamwork in the OR according to clinicians’ gender and professional role using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)	Two academic hospitals in Ontario, Canada Core OR team members (scrub and circulating nurses, anaesthesiologists, surgeons, residents, fellows)	(1) Prospective observational design with quantitative analysis; (2) qualitative interviews following the TDF	Explicit examination of individual sex, group gender norms, sex/gender differences; disaggregation of data
A gender transformative approach to improve outcomes and equity among persons with Traumatic Brain Injury (Team 2)	(1) Document important concepts and ideas for education on topics of sex and gender in the TBI context; (2) develop educational materials for patients with TBI, significant others and clinicians providing care that accounts for sex/gender; and (3) test the application of these educational materials for feasibility and effectiveness	Rehabilitation research-teaching hospital/adult patients with TBI; significant others; clinicians working with patients with TBI	Qualitative interviews Evidence synthesis Educational intervention, cluster-randomised trial in KT	Sex and gender analysis (taking into account biological sex, age, marital status, education and ethnicity)
Integrating and measuring the effect of sex, gender and gender transformative approaches to substance use treatment, prevention and harm reduction in Canada [16] (Team 3)	To systematically review evidence on sex- and gender-related factors affecting the use and response to four substances – alcohol, nicotine, cannabis and opioids; to interview leaders and to survey Knowledge Attitudes and Practice (KAP) among workers in three pilot settings; to co-develop three interventions regarding sex and gender and substance use and responses and re-assess KAP among workers in three pilot sites	The substance use system via three pilot sites – (1) a territorial government addictions workers training programme; (2) a provincial addictions foundation that provides training, programming and information; and (3) a family service treatment centre and its aftercare system partners in a Canadian province	Systematic review of co-development of interventions in three pilot sites; before and after study of KAP before and after introducing sex and gender into three different aspects of the substance use system in Canada: Nunuvat addictions worker training course; Manitoba Addiction Foundation women’s treatment and Saskatchewan aftercare system components	Mixed methods: compilation of sex- and gender-related factors and evidence that affect substance use for women, men, and gender and sexual minorities; use of evidence to underpin the co-development of three pilot interventions in aspects of the substance use system
Modelling an approach to gender-conscious participatory action-oriented research and knowledge transfer favouring equality, equity and occupational/environmental health [32] (Team 4)	Interventions to improve the inclusion of both sexes/genders in environmental and occupational health efforts by unions and other community groups Incorporation of sex-gender based analysis in occupational/environmental health interventions by graduate students who have been trained to do so	Workers facing health challenges; communities in the Amazon region affected by toxic exposures Graduate students in occupational (ergonomics) and environmental health	Multiple case studies based on interviews with researchers and community representatives; search for correlates of successful and unsuccessful incorporation of sex/gender considerations; mixed methods	Description of contexts, methods and impacts of intervention studies that have considered sex/gender to some extent in the process Comparison of successful and unsuccessful interventions
mATriCES-F: ApplicaTion des Connaissances axée sur le gEnre et le Sexe des personnes en contexte Francophone [Sex- and gender-oriented knowledge translation in Francophone contexts] (Team 5)	Increase sex- and gender-sensitive clinical behaviours and attitudes among French-speaking healthcare professionals in Canada through continuing professional development (CPD) activities	CPD developers, clinicians, patients and other CPD stakeholders from francophone communities in Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick	Interventional non-randomised controlled trial	Data will be disaggregated by sex and will include sex-specific analysis
Transforming the practice of KT: Embedding gender (Team 6)	The objective of this study is to encourage knowledge translation (KT) intervention developers who are addressing the needs of older adults to use an intersectional approach when designing and implementing KT interventions; our goal is to develop and evaluate intersectionality-enhanced versions of KT frameworks and associated tools for three prioritised stages of KT	KT intervention developers from across Canada	Mixed methods	Data will be analysed by gender