Table 2.
Clinical and immunological manifestations as predictors of development of cutaneous vasculitis
| Factor | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) adjusted* | P value adjusted* |
| Gender (male) | 0.74 (0.47 to 1.10) | 0.1452 | ||
| Race (African-American) | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.55) | 0.0315 | ||
| Age at SLE diagnosis | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | 0.0996 | ||
| Post-high school education (>12 years) | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.94) | 0.0099 | 0.76 (0.61 to 0.94) | 0.0125 |
| Malar rash | 1.04 (0.84 to 1.28) | 0.7077 | 1.03 (0.83 to 1.28) | 0.7801 |
| Discoid rash | 1.38 (1.04 to 1.81) | 0.0274 | 1.27 (0.94 to 1.70) | 0.1202 |
| Photosensitivity | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.10) | 0.2996 | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.13) | 0.3815 |
| Mouth ulcer | 1.22 (0.98 to 1.51) | 0.0732 | 1.22 (0.97 to 1.53) | 0.0898 |
| Alopecia | 1.18 (0.95 to 1.47) | 0.1336 | 1.09 (0.87 to 1.38) | 0.4361 |
| Raynaud’s phenomenon | 1.35 (1.10 to 1.67) | 0.0049 | 1.35 (1.09 to 1.68) | 0.0075 |
| Arthritis | 1.04 (0.85 to 1.27) | 0.7361 | 1.07 (0.87 to 1.32) | 0.5206 |
| Myositis | 2.18 (1.12 to 3.77) | 0.0236 | 2.13 (1.05 to 2.80) | 0.0366 |
| Pleuritis | 1.17 (0.91 to 1.49) | 0.2219 | 1.16 (0.90 to 1.50) | 0.2487 |
| Pericarditis | 1.25 (0.89 to 1.72) | 0.1880 | 1.24 (0.87 to 1.71) | 0.2321 |
| Proteinuria | 1.09 (0.85 to 1.40) | 0.4851 | 1.15 (0.88 to 1.49) | 0.3050 |
| Anaemia | 1.35 (1.08 to 1.68) | 0.0090 | 1.39 (1.10 to 1.75) | 0.0063 |
| Haemolytic anaemia | 1.35 (0.80 to 2.13) | 0.2478 | 1.40 (0.82 to 2.20) | 0.2022 |
| Coombs ever | 1.57 (1.07 to 2.24) | 0.0212 | 1.53 (1.03 to 2.20) | 0.0366 |
| Leucopenia | 1.38 (1.09 to 1.73) | 0.0078 | 1.39 (1.09 to 1.77) | 0.0089 |
| Thrombocytopaenia | 0.81 (0.55 to 1,15) | 0.2418 | 0.84 (0.56 to 1.22) | 0.3787 |
| Anti-dsDNA ever | 1.19 (0.95 to 1.49) | 0.1227 | 1.23 (0.97 to 1.55) | 0.0868 |
| Anti-Sm ever | 1.53 (1.10 to 2.06) | 0.0112 | 1.59 (1.14 to 2.17) | 0.0076 |
| Anti-Ro ever | 1.31 (0.93 to 1.79) | 0.1223 | 1.24 (0.85 to 1.74) | 0.2485 |
| Anti-La ever | 1.29 (0.79 to 1.99) | 0.2947 | 1.31 (0.77 to 2.07) | 0.2964 |
| Anti-RNP ever | 1.65 (1.19 to 2.25) | 0.0033 | 1.56 (1.09 to 2.17) | 0.0151 |
| Low C3 ever | 1.19 (0.87 to 1.61) | 0.2716 | 1.26 (0.90 to 1.73) | 0.1743 |
| Low C4 ever | 1.13 (0.81 to 1.55) | 0.4609 | 1.21 (0.85 to 1.69) | 0.2781 |
| Russell Viper Venom Time (RVVT) ever | 0.85 (0.48 to 1.37) | 0.5269 | 0.85 (0.46 to 1.43) | 0.5714 |
| Anti-cardiolipin ever | 1.09 (0.77 to 1.48) | 0.6271 | 1.18 (0.83 to 1.64) | 0.3406 |
| Anti-beta 2 GPI ever | 0.35 (0.06 to 1.11) | 0.0797 | 0.24 (0.01 to 1.06) | 0.0630 |
*Adjusted for gender, race and age at SLE diagnosis.