Table 1.
Demographic and MMTT results for each C-peptide grouping
| Cpepund | Cpeplow | Cpephigh | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 11 | 9 | 10 | |
| n male/n female | 5/6 | 6/3 | 5/5 | |
| Age (years) | 40.09 ± 11.18 (26–58) | 38.67 ± 14.73 (25–61) | 35.80 ± 10.98 (18–52) | 0.738 |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 13.27 ± 4.50 (8–24) | 16.56 ± 8.57 (8–32) | 25.10 ± 8.20* (13–35) | 0.003 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 26.82 ± 13.24 (13–47) | 21.89 ± 13.34 (9–44) | 10.70 ± 6.15* (3–20) | 0.015 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 61.64 ± 10.64 (42–78) | 58.11 ± 7.11 (51–74) | 55.40 ± 8.47 (41–69) | 0.297 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.8 ± 3.1 (6.0–9.3) | 7.5 ± 2.8 (6.8–8.9) | 7.2 ± 2.9 (5.9–8.5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.65 ± 3.27 | 24.20 ± 4.13 | 25.67 ± 4.04 | 0.259 |
| Daily insulin (units) | 39.93 ± 15.15 | 47.88 ± 23.21 | 38.30 ± 31.23 | 0.242 |
| Insulin units/kg/day | 0.54 ± 0.19 | 0.63 ± 0.25 | 0.49 ± 0.29 | 0.332 |
| Method of control (n MDI/n CSII) | 5/6 | 4/5 | 6/4 | |
| VO2peak (mL/kg/min) | 35.61 ± 7.69 (21.05–49.00) | 43.93 ± 9.03 (31.80–58.25) | 35.67 ± 10.77 (21.25–51.00) | 0.194 |
| MMTT | ||||
| Peak C-peptide (pmol/L) | 0.00 ± 0.00 (0–0) | 42.00 ± 32.58* (4–83) | 671.70 ± 435.15*† (221–1,640) | <0.001 |
| Median C-peptide | 0.00 | 53.00 | 568.50 | |
| AUC0–180 min C-peptide (pmol/L) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 6,026 ± 4,452* | 89,459 ± 48,095*† | <0.001 |
| Peak glucagon (pmol/L) | 14.04 ± 6.74 | 18.60 ± 13.49 | 12.45 ± 4.34 | 0.802 |
| AUC0–180 min glucagon (pmol/L) | 1,557 ± 905.8 | 2,072 ± 1,370 | 1,259 ± 674.5 | 0.252 |
| Pre-MMTT glucose (mmol/L) | 10.12 ± 3.38 | 9.55 ± 1.62 | 8.47 ± 3.15 | 0.428 |
| Peak glucose (mmol/L) | 21.91 ± 2.75 | 20.03 ± 2.34 | 17.74 ± 3.59* | 0.016 |
| ΔPre-MMTT to peak glucose (mmol/L) | 11.76 ± 2.77 | 10.48 ± 2.12 | 9.27 ± 3.02* | 0.045 |
| Autoantibody positivity | 6 of 11 | 7 of 9 | 8 of 10 |
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise indicated (data in parentheses are ranges). Boldface type indicates statistically significant P values. CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; MDI, multiple daily injections.
*
Significantly different from Cpepund.
†
Significantly different from Cpeplow.