Table 1.

Changes in the total cost, the number of users, and cost-per-user for glucose-lowering medicines from 2005–2007 to 2015–2017 (costs are in 2017 U.S. dollars)

	Total cost (in millions)		Number of users (in thousands)		Cost-per-user
	2005–2007	2015–2017	2005–2007	2015–2017	2005–2007	2015–2017
All medications	16,944	57,557	15,318	21,106	1,106	2,727
Insulin	4,723	33,323	4,333	7,303	1,090	4,562
Human	1,692	3,846	3,325	2,239	509	1,718
Analog	3,031	29,476	1,957	5,859	1,549	5,031
Noninsulin	12,221	24,234	13,262	17,997	922	1,346
Metformin	2,957	3,286	7,969	13,690	371	240
Older noninsulin*	7,299	1,466	9,090	7,049	803	208
Newer noninsulin†	864	15,840	657	4,322	1,316	3,665
Combinations‡	1,101	3,643	1,641	1,474	671	2,471

^*Older noninsulin medications include sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and meglitinides.

^†Newer noninsulin medications include DPP-4, amylin analog, GLP-1, and SGLT2.

^‡A combination medication is a single pill with a fixed-dose combination of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients.