Table 1.
Cohort II: main anthropometric and metabolic variables
| Variables | Baseline | Follow-up at 12 months | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (female/male) | 13 (9/4) | 13 (9/4) | — |
| Age (years) | 53 ± 7 | 54 ± 7 | — |
| Type 2 diabetes treatment (insulin/others) | 13 (4/9) | 13 (1/12) | — |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 39.3 ± 1.4 | 25.8 ± 2.1 | <0.0001 |
| Waist (cm) | 124.9 ± 16.4 | 92.4 ± 11.4 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 8.9 (6.9–11.0) | 5.1 (4.5–6.1) | 0.0007 |
| 2-h glucose (mmol/L) | 14.5 ± 5.2 | 7.0 ± 3.7 | 0.0005 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.3 (6.7–8.0) | 5.6 (4.6–6.0) | 0.0002 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 56.3 (49.7–64.5) | 37.7 (26.3–41.6) | 0.0002 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 1.0 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 0.002 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | NS |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | NS |
| TGs (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1.1–3.7) | 1.4 (0.7–1.5) | 0.003 |
| Fasting succinate (µmol/L) | 79.7 ± 28.0 | 51.0 ± 15.3 | 0.003 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 116.0 (63.5–275.5) | 39.0 (34.5–55.0) | 0.001 |
| Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L) | 1.47 ± 0.97 | 0.52 ± 0.22 | 0.007 |
| Fasting GLP-1 (pmol/L) | 54.6 (42.1–72.8) | 32.8 (18.5–39.6) | 0.008 |
| TG index | 5.15 ± 0.12 | 4.57 ± 0.08 | <0.0001 |
| Insulinogenic index | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.9 (0.3–1.3) | NS |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (25th–75th percentiles), as appropriate.
*
P values for the normal distributed variables were calculated using paired t test; for the nonnormal distributed variables, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used.