Table 4.
Subgroup analysis according to the characteristics of diabetes in quartile 4 versus fasting glucose variability of quartiles 1–3
| Stroke | Myocardial infarction | All-cause mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IR per 1000 | HR (95% CI) | IR per 1000 | HR (95% CI) | IR per 1000 | HR (95% CI) | |
| Duration of diabetesa | ||||||
| < 5 years (n = 412310) | 4.02 | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 2.63 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 7.41 | 1.16 (1.12–1.19) |
| ≥ 5 years (n = 211927) | 7.74 | 1.17 (1.12–1.22) | 4.66 | 1.17 (1.11–1.24) | 12.87 | 1.22 (1.18–1.26) |
| P for interaction | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.011 | |||
| Baseline fasting glucosea | ||||||
| < 126 mg/dL (n = 188779) | 6.30 | 1.21 (1.15–1.27) | 3.94 | 1.16 (1.09–1.23) | 11.64 | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) |
| ≥ 126 mg/dL (n = 435458) | 4.81 | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) | 3.03 | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 8.20 | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) |
| P for interaction | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Subtype of diabetesa | ||||||
| T2DM (n = 608626) | 5.02 | 1.14 (1.11–1.17) | 3.26 | 1.14 (1.10–1.19) | 9.70 | 1.22(1.19–1.25) |
| T1DM (n = 15611) | 13.49 | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 8.01 | 0.96 (0.84–1.11) | 26.23 | 1.25(1.15–1.35) |
| P for interaction | 0.267 | 0.065 | 0.186 | |||
| Metforminb | ||||||
| No (n = 327239) | 4.05 | 1.17 (1.12–1.22) | 2.48 | 1.18 (1.12–1.25) | 8.59 | 1.30 (1.26–1.34) |
| Yes (n = 296998) | 7.22 | 1.18 (1.13–1.22) | 4.72 | 1.16 (1.11–1.22) | 12.80 | 1.25 (1.22–1.29) |
| P for interaction | 0.622 | 0.976 | 0.150 | |||
| Sulfonylureab | ||||||
| No (n = 323998) | 3.56 | 1.19 (1.13–1.24) | 2.48 | 1.18 (1.12–1.25) | 7.42 | 1.30 (1.26–1.34) |
| Yes (n = 300239) | 7.72 | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) | 4.72 | 1.16 (1.11–1.22) | 14.16 | 1.26 (1.23–1.30) |
| P for interaction | 0.858 | 0.976 | 0.380 | |||
| Meglitinideb | ||||||
| No (n = 608306) | 5.19 | 1.17 (1.13–1.20) | 3.34 | 1.16 (1.12–1.20) | 10.02 | 1.27 (1.25–1.30) |
| Yes (n = 15931) | 10.02 | 1.28 (1.11–1.48) | 6.51 | 1.37(1.15–1.64) | 20.14 | 1.37 (1.24–1.52) |
| P for interaction | 0.139 | 0.056 | 0.080 | |||
| Thiazolidinedioneb | ||||||
| No (n = 573541) | 5.21 | 1.17 (1.14–1.21) | 3.37 | 1.17 (1.13–1.22) | 10.17 | 1.28 (1.25–1.31) |
| Yes (n = 50696) | 6.44 | 1.17 (1.06–1.29) | 3.97 | 1.13 (0.99–1.28) | 11.37 | 1.25 (1.16–1.34) |
| P for interaction | 0.969 | 0.561 | 0.526 | |||
| DPP-4 inhibitorb | ||||||
| No (n = 576404) | 5.25 | 1.17 (1.13–1.20) | 3.37 | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) | 10.23 | 1.27 (1.25–1.30) |
| Yes (n = 47833) | 6.06 | 1.21 (1.09–1.35) | 4.06 | 1.18 (1.03–1.35) | 10.63 | 1.35 (1.24–1.46) |
| P for interaction | 0.287 | 0.835 | 0.079 | |||
| a-Glucosidase inhibitorb | ||||||
| No (n = 543357) | 4.70 | 1.15 (1.12–1.19) | 3.09 | 1.15 (1.10–1.20) | 9.29 | 1.28 (1.25–1.31) |
| Yes (n = 80880) | 9.92 | 1.23 (1.16–1.32) | 5.94 | 1.24 (1.14–1.34) | 17.62 | 1.25 (1.19–1.31) |
| P for interaction | 0.053 | 0.157 | 0.519 | |||
| Insulinb | ||||||
| No (n = 580262) | 4.75 | 1.15 (1.11–1.18) | 3.05 | 1.14 (1.10–1.19) | 9.02 | 1.24 (1.22–1.27) |
| Yes (n = 43975) | 11.68 | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 7.68 | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 24.31 | 1.19 (1.13–1.25) |
| P for interaction | 0.874 | 0.568 | 0.492 | |||
aAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol drinking, smoking, regular exercise, presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and lower 20% income, duration of diabetes over 5 years, the number of classes of oral anti-diabetic medication taken in the 12 months prior to baseline, presence of prescription history of insulin, and mean of fasting glucose
bAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol drinking, smoking, regular exercise, presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and lower 20% income, duration of diabetes over 5 years, and mean of fasting glucose