Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Country | Study type | Study population | Age: median or mean (IQR) years | Sex (M/F) | Patients (N) | Cases | Diagnosis | ART period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mushi et al. [25]* | Tanzania | Retrospective observational | Patients attending the endoscopy unit between August 19, 2009, and September 19, 2014 | – | −/− | 15 | 8 | Endoscopic | ART Era |
| Lawson-Ananissoh et al. [17] | Togo | Retrospective observational | Lome´ University Hospital Hepato-Gastroenterology Department records covering a 10-year period; 2005 to 2014 | 41 | 201/231 | 432 | 32 | Not specified | ART Era |
| Andoulo et al. [27]* | Cameroon | Prospective observational | Adult patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 2014 to 2015 to university teaching hospitals at Yaounde and Douala. | 43.8 (20 to 71) | 27/29 | 56 | 34 | Endoscopic | ART Era |
| Rubaihayo et al. [18] | Uganda | Retrospective observational | Patients attending TASO HIV Clinic in 4 TASO centers in Uganda from 2002 to 2009 | 33 (27 to 40) | 39379/69240 | 108619 | 8778 | Non-endoscopic | ART Era |
| Brentlinger et al. [20] | Mozambique | Prospective observational | HIV-infected ambulatory patients 18 years of age and above presenting for scheduled (routine) or unscheduled care at three participating health centers, with current Hb < 10 g/dl in 2012 | 29 (23 to 36) | 62/262 | 324 | 4 | Non-endoscopic | ART Era |
| Bagny et al. [19] | Togo | Prospective observational | All adult HIV patients admitted to hepato-gastroenterology department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lome´ campus fom January 1 to December 31, 2011 | 38.8 (20 to 65) | 15/67 | 82 | 24 | Endoscopic | ART Era |
| Preidis et al. [21] | Malawi | Retrospective observational | Data from all HIV patient September 1, 2007, and December 31, 2008 | 21.8 (11.1 to 44.6) | 479/405 | 884 | 35 | Non-endoscopic | ART Era |
| Zachariah et al. [22] | Malawi | Retrospective cohort | HIV patients receiving care in Thylo District health centers from 2006 to 2008 | 35 | 706/1610 | 2289 | 53 | Non-endoscopic | ART Era |
| Okeke et al. [26]* | Nigeria | Retrospective observational | Patients who underwent endoscopy at Jos University Teaching Hospital | – | −/− | 52 | 18 | Endoscopic | Pre-ART |
| Mohamed et al. [10] | Kenya | Prospective observational | Consecutive patients 12 years and above referred between 2000 and 2001 | 32 (18 to 55) | 20/32 | 52 | 27 | Endoscopic | Pre-ART |
| Morgan et al. [24] | Uganda | Prospective observational | Prevalent and incident community cases from 1989 to 1998 |
Males: 36.9 Females: 36.5 |
38/34 | 72 | 19 | Non-endoscopic | Pre-ART |
| Ravera et al. [23] | Uganda | Randomized clinical trial | From September 1994 to December 1995, 320 consecutive AIDS patients were observed at the Gastroenterology Department of Hoima Hospital in Uganda | 23.7 | 27/50 | 320 | 77 | Endoscopic | Pre-ART |
| Kelly et al. [28]* | Zambia | Cross-sectional | HIV seropositive patients presenting with persistent diarrhea at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka |
Male: 30 Female: 29.5 Range: 16–64 |
40/35 | 75 | 41 | Endoscopic | Pre-ART |
Abbreviations: AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, ART anti-retroviral therapy, TASO The AIDS Support Organization, IQR interquartile range, M male, F female, HIV human immunodeficiency virus
*Not included in the meta-analysis as the selection of the patient was from a restricted population with a higher likelihood of over estimation of the prevalence of OC