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. 2020 Sep 23;11:412. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01925-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Characterization of lineage switch in reconditioned monocytes (RM) and their in vitro induction into retinal neuron-like cells (RNLCs). a Ectodermal markers were upregulated as compared to day 1 monocytes. b RM also contributed to express myeloid lineage markers (n = 4). c Morphology changes observed at × 20 upon induction with extrinsic retinal differentiation growth factors, where round and colony-forming RM formed long, elongated, round and axonal cells which we termed as retinal neuron-like cells (RNLCs) at day 14. d SEM images depicting a typical monocyte which further changes to dividing RM (indicated by red arrow) and eventually to RNLCs exhibiting mixed morphology of neuron-like cells. e The RNLCs also exhibited cell-cell contacts as indicated by red arrows. f Approximately 40% cells of the initial PBMCs were live and viable after induction at the culture endpoint as indicated by MTT assay