Table 2.
Prevalence of CKD in Cameroon
| First Author | Year of publication | Study Design | Study Setting | Study area | Disease specific population | Mean Age (in years) | Male (%) | Sample Size | Measure of Kidney damage or Function | Prevalence of CKD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaze [24] | 2013 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Urban | HAART-naïve PLWHA | 35.0 | 32.0% | 104 | eGFR < 60 based on MDRD and CG or at least 1+ proteinuria | 3% |
| Kaze [17] | 2015 | Cross-sectional | Community-based | Urban | General adult population | 36.5 | 48.7% | 119 | eGFR < 60 based on MDRD, CG and CKD-EPI or albuminuria ≥30 mg/g | 10.9% |
| Kaze [17] | 2015 | Cross-sectional | Community-based | Rural | General adult population | 51 | 39.7 | 320 | eGFR < 60 based on MDRD, CG and CKD-EPI or albuminuria ≥30 mg/g | 14.1% |
| Kaze [11] | 2015 | Cross-sectional | Community-based | Urban | General adult population | 45.3 | 53.4% | 500 | eGFR < 60 based on MDRD, CG and CKD-EPI or albuminuria ≥30 mg/g | 10.0, 11.0 and 14.2% using CKD-EPI, MDRD and CG, respectively. |
| Feteh [25] | 2016 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Urban | Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | 56.5 | 53.1% | 636 | eGFR < 60 based on MDRD | 18.5% |
| Kaze [30] | 2016 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Urban | Hypertensive adult | 60.9 | 36.6% | 336 | eGFR < 60 based on MDRD, CG and CKD-EPI or albuminuria ≥30 mg/g | 49.7, 50.0 and 52.1% according to MDRD, CKD-EPI and CG equations respectively. |
| Kamdem [28] | 2017 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Urban | newly diagnosed and untreated hypertensive patients | 51.0 | 49.1% | 839 | eGFR < 60 based on MDRD | 12.4% |
| Hamadou [27] | 2017 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Urban | Hypertensive patients | 54.2 | 33% | 400 | eGFR < 60 based on CKD-EPI or proteinuria | 32.3% |
| Ekiti [26] | 2018 | Cross-sectional | Community-based | Rural | Sugarcane plantation workers | 39.0 | 75% | 204 | eGFR < 60 based on CKD-EPI or at least 1+ proteinuria | 3.4% |
| Halle [32] | 2018 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Urban | PLWHA attending HIV day clinic | 37.1 | 26.7% | 709 | eGFR < 60 based on MDRD and CKD-EPI or at least 1+ proteinuria | 44% based on CKD-EPI and 47.2% based on MDRD |
| Kaze [31] | 2019 | Cross-sectional | Community-based | Urban | General adult population | 45.0 | 48.7% | 433 | eGFR < 60 based on CKD-EPI or albuminuria > 30 mg/g | 11.7% |
| Temgoua [29] | 2019 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Urban | First-degree family relatives of HDP | 38.3 | 28.0% | 82 | eGFR < 60 based on MDRD or at least 1+ proteinuria or diagnosis by a Nephrologist | 15.9% |
NR Not Reported, NA Not Available, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, HAART Highly active antiretroviral therapy, PLWHA Persons living with HIV/AIDS, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate, HDP Hemodialysis patients, MDRD Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, CG Cockcroft-Gault, CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology