Table 3.
Factors associated factors of chronic kidney disease in Cameroon
| First Author | Year of publication | Study Design | Study Setting | Disease specific population | Mean Age (in years) | Sample Size | Associated Factors (adjusted Odds Ratio; 95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaze [17] | 2015 | Cross-sectional | Community-based | General adult population | 47.0 | 439 | History of hypertension (aOR: 3.95; 95% CI, 2.09–7.46), |
| History of diabetes mellitus (aOR: 6.64; 95% CI: 2.63–16.75) | |||||||
| Elevated systolic blood pressure (aOR: 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02) | |||||||
| Kaze [11] | 2015 | Cross-sectional | Community-based | General adult population | 45.3 | 500 | Advanced age (aOR: 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07–1.12), |
| Known hypertension (aOR: 2.40; 95% CI, 1.19–4.82) | |||||||
| Existing diabetes mellitus (aOR: 3.36; 95% CI, 1.02–11.07), | |||||||
| Overweight/obesity (aOR: 0.30; 95% CI, 0.17–0.54) | |||||||
| Kaze [30] | 2016 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Hypertensive adult | 60.9 | 336 | Advanced age [aOR: 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07) |
| Raised systolic blood pressure (aOR: 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02) | |||||||
| Hamadou [27] | 2017 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | Hypertensive patients | 54.2 | 400 | Age > 50 years (aOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.06–2.89), |
| Females (aOR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.29–3.78), obesity (aOR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.36–1.95), hyperuricemia (aOR: 3.67; 95% CI: 1.78–7.58) | |||||||
| Kamdem [28] | 2017 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | newly diagnosed and untreated hypertensive patients | 51.0 | 839 | Age > 55 years (aOR: 5.29; 95% CI, 3.33–8.42), obesity (aOR: 0.15; 95% CI, 0.10–0.26), hyperkalemia (aOR: 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03–1.72) |
| Ekiti [26] | 2018 | Cross-sectional | Community-based | Sugarcane plantation workers | 39.0 | 204 | Age ≥ 40 years (aOR: 18.7; 95% CI: 1.5–236.4) |
| Halle [32] | 2018 | Cross-sectional | Hospital-based | PLWHA attending HIV day clinic | 37.1 | 709 | age > 35 years (aOR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.06), longer duration of HIV (aOR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.53 to 3.95), history of Hepatitis B (aOR: 3.04; 95% CI, 1.08 to 8.54), |
| CD4 count less than 200 cells/mL (aOR: 3.64; 95% CI, 2.55 to 5.21) | |||||||
| Kaze [31] | 2019 | Cross-sectional | Community-based | General adult population | 45.0 | 433 | Increased systolic blood pressure (aOR: 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.04) per mmHg higher SBP), hyperglycemia (aOR: 4.73; 95% CI, 1.24–18.08) and hyperuricemia (aOR: 3.12; 95% CI, 1.58–6.16) |
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, HAART Highly active antiretroviral therapy, PLWHA Persons living with HIV/AIDS, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate, CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology, SBP systolic blood pressure