. 2020 Sep 23;128(9):097005. doi: 10.1289/EHP6552

Table 9.

Estimated CVD mortality cases avoided based on the change in blood Pb levels from 1999 to 2014 using Lanphear et al. (2018), all blood Pb levels, inputs in the HIM.

Age group	Sex	Avoided CVD deaths in 2014
Age group	Sex	Lower estimate^a	Central estimate	Higher estimate^a
40–49	Male	1,797	3,794	6,086
40–49	Female	666	1,388	2,197
50–59	Male	4,454	9,330	14,842
50–59	Female	1,663	3,453	5,441
60–69	Male	7,499	15,756	25,146
60–69	Female	2,460	5,075	7,943
70–80	Male	7,083	14,674	23,072
70–80	Female	4,677	9,645	15,094
Total (40–80 y)	Male	20,833	43,553	69,145
	Female	9,467	19,562	30,674
	Both	30,300	63,115	99,820

Note: CVD, cardiovascular disease; HIM, health impact model; Pb, lead.

^{^a}

Low and high estimates based on the lower and upper bound effect estimates from the Lanphear et al. (2018) 95% confidence interval.