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. 2020 Sep 9;11:584637. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584637

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Copyright © 2020 Maremanda, Sundar, Li and Rahman

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Volcano plots showing differentially expressed genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function, telomere replication and cellular senescence genes among non-smokers, smokers, and COPD subjects. Altered genes in comparisons between (A) old (smokers vs. non-smokers), (B) old (smokers vs. COPD), and (C) old (COPD vs. non-smokers). The genes differentially expressed in each comparison are indicated in green (increased) and red (decreased) colors. The green dotted horizontal line indicates the significance threshold of p-values from comparisons at P < 0.05. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was further used to adjust the p-values to control the false discovery rate at 5%.