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. 2020 Sep 23;128(9):097006. doi: 10.1289/EHP6470

Figure 8.

Figures 8A and 8D are bar graphs, plotting beta cell islet area (micrometer squared) and exocrine pancreas length fold change, ranging from 0 to 800 in increments of 200 and 0.0 to 1.4 in increments of 0.2 (y-axis), respectively, across aqueous film-forming foam percent, including 0.0, 2.20 times 10 begin superscript negative 4 end superscript, and 4.40 times 10 begin superscript negative 4 end superscript (x-axis). Figure 8B depicts representative images of larvae under 96 high-power field for normal and fragmented islet morphology, with a scale bar of 100 micrometers, respectively. Figure 8C is a set of three pie charts under beta cell morphology that are titled 0 percent of aqueous film-forming foam, 2.20 times 10 begin superscript negative 4 end superscript percent of aqueous film-forming foam, and 4.40 times 10 begin superscript negative 4 end superscript percent of aqueous film-forming foam, representing a comparison between whole and fragmented. Figure 8E is a graph, plotting normalized pancreas length, ranging from 0 to 0.16 in increments of 0.02 (y-axis) across aqueous film-forming foam (percent), including 2.20 times 10 begin superscript negative 4 end superscript and 4.40 times 10 begin superscript negative 4 end superscript (x-axis) for first percentile and tenth percentile. Figure 8F is a schematic diagram, depicting representative images of normal exocrine pancreas and severely stunted pancreas in a larva after being exposed to 96 hours of post fertilization under high-power field and aqueous film-forming foam.

Exocrine pancreas and endocrine pancreatic beta cell development at 96 h post fertilization (hpf) larvae with AFFF exposure. (A) The area of endocrine pancreatic beta cell islets is graphed. (B) Representative images of normal and fragmented islet morphology in 96 hpf larvae. Separate islet fragments are circled. (C) Pie charts depict the percentage of whole and fragmented beta cell islet morphologies observed. (D) The length of the exocrine pancreas normalized to larval body length is graphed. (E) Individual pancreas lengths are plotted for each treatment group. The 10th (stunted) and 1st (severely stunted) percentile marks are set by control pancreas measurements. (F) Representative images depict a normal exocrine pancreas and severely stunted pancreas in a larva exposed to 4.40×10−4% AFFF. Bars represent mean±SEM. Asterisk (*) indicate p<0.05 compared with 0% AFFF, one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD post hoc test or Fisher’s Exact Test for qualitative assessments. n=6 vials per treatment group. Note: AFFF, aqueous film-forming foam; ANOVA, analysis of variance.