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. 2020 Sep 23;11:4801. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18563-w

Fig. 1. Sketch of the experimental setup for simultaneous electrochemical and X-ray diffraction measurements at elevated temperatures.

Fig. 1

The sample—consisting of Y-stabilised zirconia electrolyte (blue), buried Pt current collector (gray), La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ thin film working electrode (green), and porous Pt/La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ counter electrode (green and gray particles at the bottom side)—is placed onto the heating stage (orange) within the experimental chamber (not shown for the sake of simplicity). The X-ray beam (symbolised by the brownish wave) hits the working electrode with a very flat angle of incidence. The diffracted X-rays are recorded as Debye–Scherrer rings on a 2D detector (outside the chamber), which is placed in a certain distance to the sample.