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. 2020 Sep 23;11:4814. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18655-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Normalized absorption and PL spectra of CQD films before and after solvent treatments. b Logarithmic-scale absorption spectra of CQD films to investigate bandtail absorption. c Element ratio-to-lead of CQD films before and after solvent treatments. d HDR EQE measurement of devices with BA HTL and EDT HTL to investigate the carrier distribution over the energy range below the bandgap.