Table 2.
Different roles and corresponding pathways of BMP4 in different epithelial tissues
| Epithelial tissue and related phenomena | Involved pathways and genes | The function of BMP4 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Growth | Covering epithelium | Msx1-BMP4 | Promote the growth of multiple organ epithelium |
| Glandular epithelium | BMP4-Sulf1/Tbx3 | Inhibit the growth of glandular epithelium | |
| Sensory epithelium | BMP4-Ca2 + NR2B | Inhibit the growth of cochlear sensory epithelium | |
| Differentiation | Covering epithelium | Wnt /β-catenin | Promote epithelial differentiation |
| Glandular epithelium | Foxn1-BMP4 | ||
| Transitional epithelium | Foxf1-BMP4 | ||
| Benign lesions | Covering epithelium | Smad, Inhibition of IL-8 expression | Slow down the inflammatory response and induce morphological transformation of epithelium |
| Glandular epithelium | Unknown | Inhibiting glandular development | |
| Transitional epithelium | Smad | Promote repair of epithelial injury | |
| Malignant lesions | Covering epithelial | Wnt、Hedgehog | Promote cancer development |
| Glandular epithelium | Smad | Promote/inhibit cancer development | |
| Transitional epithelium | Wnt、Hedgehog | Promote cancer development | |