Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants with and without incident dementia in the Cuban cohort of the 10/66 study (n = 1,846).
| n | No Dementia (n = 1,677) | Incident dementia (n = 169) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (M ± SD) | 1,846 | 73.1 ± 5.9 | 77.8 ± 6.5 | < 0.001 |
| Sex (n, %) | 1,846 | 0.17 | ||
| Female | 1,103 (65.8) | 120 (71.0) | ||
| Male | 576 (34.2) | 49 (29.0) | ||
| Education (n, % level completed) | 1,843 | 0.002 | ||
| Tertiary/college | 310 (18.5) | 15 (8.9) | ||
| Secondary | 473 (28.3) | 43 (25.4) | ||
| None/primary | 891 (53.2) | 111 (65.7) | ||
| Marital status (n, %) | 1,843 | < 0.001 | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 787 (47.0) | 54 (32.0) | ||
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 738 (44.1) | 102 (60.4) | ||
| Never married | 149 (8.9) | 13 (7.7) | ||
| Occupational class (n, %) | 1,753 | 0.02 | ||
| Professional (1–3) | 675 (42.3) | 48 (30.8) | ||
| Trade (4,5) | 206 (12.9) | 28 (18.0) | ||
| Skilled laborer (6,7) | 452 (28.3) | 55 (35.3) | ||
| Laborer (8,9) | 264 (16.5) | 25 (16.0) | ||
| Hypertension (n, %) | 1,842 | 960 (57.4) | 109 (64.5) | 0.07 |
| Obesity (n, %) | 1,838 | 694 (41.6) | 53 (31.6) | 0.01 |
| High total cholesterol (n, %) | 1,482 | 374 (28.0) | 40 (27.0) | 0.80 |
| High LDL cholesterol (n, %) | 1,126 | 239 (23.6) | 33 (28.7) | 0.23 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 1,840 | 299 (17.9) | 28 (16.6) | 0.67 |
| Depression (n, %) | 1,827 | 458 (27.6) | 61 (36.8) | 0.01 |
| Stroke (n, %) | 1,842 | 80 (4.8) | 17 (10.1) | 0.003 |
| Ischemic heart problem (n, %) | 1,844 | 225 (13.4) | 18 (10.7) | 0.31 |
| Head Trauma (n, %) | 1,839 | 91 (5.4) | 8 (4.8) | 0.72 |
| Hearing problem (n, %) | 1,843 | 132 (7.9) | 22 (13.0) | 0.02 |
| Eye problem (n, %) | 1,840 | 436 (26.1) | 62 (36.7) | 0.003 |
| Current high-risk alcohol use (n, %) | 1,822 | 48 (2.9) | 7 (4.1) | 0.37 |
| Past high-risk alcohol use (n, %) | 1,824 | 107 (6.5) | 13 (7.7) | 0.54 |
| Smoking (n, % current smoker) | 1,842 | 313 (18.7) | 30 (17.8) | 0.76 |
| Physical activity (n, %) | 1,840 | < 0.001 | ||
| Highly active | 515 (30.8) | 27 (16.1) | ||
| Somewhat active | 777 (46.5) | 81 (48.2) | ||
| Not (very) active | 380 (22.7) | 60 (35.7) | ||
| Fish consumption (n, % never) | 1,842 | 129 (7.7) | 23 (13.6) | 0.008 |
| Meat consumption (n, % never/some days) | 1,842 | 1,077 (64.4) | 112 (66.3) | 0.62 |
| Fruit & vegetable servings | 1,843 | 0.001 | ||
| 9 or more in last 3 days | 322 (19.2) | 19 (11.2) | ||
| 4–8 in last 3 days | 683 (40.8) | 58 (34.3) | ||
| 3 or fewer in last 3 days | 669 (40.0) | 92 (54.4) | ||
| Sleep complaints (n, %) | 1,842 | 567 (33.9) | 50 (29.6) | 0.26 |
| Family history (n, %) | 1,842 | 291 (17.4) | 38 (22.5) | 0.10 |
| Cognitive function (Md [IQR]) | 1,846 | 31.2 [30.0–32.1] | 29.8 [27.7–31.2] | < 0.001 |
IQR, interquartile range; M, mean; Md, median; n, numer of participants with available data; SD, standard deviation.
Normally distributed continuous variables were described as means and standard deviation and groups were compared using the t-test. Not-normally distributed continuous variables were described as median and interquartile range and groups were compared using the Wilcoxon singed rank test. Categorical variables were described as numbers and percentages, and groups were compared using the Chi-squared test.