Table 2.
Involvement of natural antibodies in disorders.
| Species | Antigen(s) | Isotype | Disorder | Protection | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human, mice | Various self-antigens and neo-epitopes | IgM and IgG | Various: anti-inflammation, OxLDL, tumors, neurologic diseases, infections, clearance senescent cells and cytokines, passive protection to autoimmunity and tissue injury | Yes | (116) |
| Pig | Chondroitin sulfate, | IgM, IgG | Osteochondrosis | Yes? | (99) |
| Actin, KLH | |||||
| Thyroglobulin | |||||
| Mice | Myelin sulfatide | IgM | Multiple sclerosis | Yes | (101) |
| Human | Amyloid | IgM | Alzheimer | Yes | (109–111) |
| mice | Amyloid beta-peptide | Polyclonal | Alzheimer | Yes | (19) |
| Human | Platelets | IgG | Schizophrenia | Yes | (117) |
| Human | Malondialdehyde | IgM | Schizophrenia | Yes | (118) |
| Pig | Myelin basic protein | IgM | unknown | (119) | |
| Chicken | PC-BSA | IgM | Non-aggressive behavior | (120) | |
| Chicken | PC-BSA | IgG | Aggressive behavior | (120) | |
| Human | oxLDL | IgM | Carotid atherosclerosis | Yes | (121) |
| Human | PC-KLH, PC-BSA | IgG | Cardiovascular diseases | Yes | (122, 123) |
| Human | Phosphorylcholine, | IgM | Atherosclerosis, | Yes | (27, 124) |
| Cardiolipin | Stroke, | ||||
| Myocardial infections | |||||
| Mice | Malondialdehyde | IgM | Hepatic inflammation | Yes | (125) |
| Mice | Phosphoryl-enriched- | Not specified | Non-alcoholic | Yes | (126) |
| Pneumococci | Steatohepatitis | ||||
| Mice | Oxidized phospholipids | IgM | Atherosclerosis | Yes | (127) |
| Mice | Phosphorylcholine, T15-idiotype | IgM | Vein graft atherosclerosis | Yes | (128) |
| Chicken | KLH | IgM | longevity | (129, 130) | |
| Cow | KLH | IgM, IgG | Mastitis | Unknown | (131) |
| Human | Low density lipoprotein | IgM | Atherosclerosis | Yes | (132) |
| IgG | Pro-atherosclerosis | ||||
| Mice | CNS-cells | IgM | Remyelination | (101) | |
| Mice | Gangliosides | IgM | Amyotrophic | (108) | |
| Lateral sclerosis | |||||
| Human | Galα1-3Galβ1-GlcNAc | IgM, IgG, | Henoch-Schönlein purpura | (43, 44, 54, 133) | |
| IgA | IgA nephropathy | ||||
| Crohn's disease |