Table 1.

Participant characteristics collected with the web questionnaire.

Characteristics		Stage 1 (n=16)	Stage 2 (n=11)
Age (years), mean (SD, range)		51.1 (13.9, 23-71)	43.0 (7.5, 32-56)
Male/female		10/6	5/6
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD, range)		26.2 (4.2, 18.8-32.8)	25.2 (3.2, 18.8-29.5)
Education ≥13 years, n (%)		7 (47)	10 (91)
Employment, n (%)
	Full-time	7 (44)	10 (91)
	Part-time	4 (25)	0
	Retired	4 (25)	0
	Other	1 (6)	1 (9)
LBPa intensity past week (0-10), [30]
	Average LBP, mean (SD, range)	3.8 (2.0, 1-7)	4.5 (2.3, 1-8)
	Worst LBP, mean (SD, range)	5.3 (2.8, 1-10)	5.7 (2.5, 1-9)
LBP duration, current episode, n (%)
	1 week	1 (6)	0
	4 weeks	3 (19)	1 (9)
	12 weeks	5 (31)	0
	>12 weeks	7 (44)	10 (91)
RMDQb (0-24), median (range) [31]		5.0 (1-17)	9.0 (1-14)
Activity limitation, n (%)
	Not at work/not at leisure	4 (25)	3 (27)
	Not at work/yes at leisure	4 (25)	3 (27)
	Yes, at work/not at leisure	0	0
	Yes, at work/yes, at leisure	8 (50)	5 (46)
Leisure-time physical activity [32], n (%)
	Sedentary	1 (6)	2 (18)
	Some physical activity	10 (62)	5 (46)
	Regular physical activity	5 (32)	4 (36)
	Regular hard physical activity	0	0
PSFSc (0-10), median (range) [33]		6 (4-9)	4 (1-8)
Number of pain sites (0-9), median (range)		3 (1-5)	2 (1-5)
EQ-5Dd (0-100), mean (SD, range) [34]		75.1 (14.1, 40-95)	64.5 (22.7, 20-90)
Insomnia symptoms, n (%) [35]		4 (27)	6 (55)
PSEQe (0-60), median (range) [36]		49 (14-58)	49 (36-60)
PSSf (0-40), median (range) [37]		12 (3-25)	14.0 (10-23)
PHQ-8g (0-24), median (range) [38]		3 (0-13)	7.0 (0-12)

^aLBP: low back pain.

^bRMDQ: Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire.

^cPSFS: Patient-Specific Functional Scale.

^dEQ-5D: Euroqol 5-D (health-related quality of life).

^ePSEQ: Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (2-item).

^fPSS: Perceived Stress Scale.

^gPHQ-8: Patient Health Questionnaire.