Table 3. Cox Proportional Hazard Model Estimates of Early and Delayed Mortality Risk Among Patients With Active TB Disease Compared With an Age-, Sex-, and Date of Diagnosis–Matched Cohort of Patients Without Active TB Disease Adjusting for Demographic Characteristics And Selected Comorbidities, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 1997-2017a.
| Variable | Mortality | |
|---|---|---|
| aHR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Early | ||
| Cohort | ||
| Active TB | 7.29 (6.08-8.73) | <.001 |
| Comparison | 1 [Reference] | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1.11 (0.99-1.25) | .08 |
| Female | 1 [Reference] | |
| Age, y | ||
| 0-24 | 0.03 (0.02-0.07) | <.001 |
| 25-44 | 0.04 (0.03-0.06) | <.001 |
| 45-64 | 0.19 (0.16-0.22) | <.001 |
| ≥65 | 1 [Reference] | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic | ||
| White | 1 [Reference] | |
| Black | 1.17 (0.96-1.44) | .13 |
| Hispanic | 0.63 (0.52-0.78) | <.001 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.66 (0.55-0.79) | <.001 |
| American Indian/Alaska Native/other/mixed race | 0.53 (0.40-0.70) | <.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Diabetes | 1.40 (1.23-1.60) | <.001 |
| End-stage kidney disease | 4.26 (3.14-5.79) | <.001 |
| HIV infection | 3.43 (1.93-6.10) | <.001 |
| Prior solid organ transplant | 1.49 (0.74-3.01) | .27 |
| History of cancer diagnosis | 3.03 (2.67-3.44) | <.001 |
| Delayed | ||
| Cohort | ||
| Active TB | 1.78 (1.61-1.98) | <.001 |
| Comparison | 1 [Reference] | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1.18 (1.14-1.22) | <.001 |
| Female | 1 [Reference] | |
| Age, y | ||
| 0-24 | 0.03 (0.02-0.03) | <.001 |
| 25-44 | 0.05 (0.05-0.05) | <.001 |
| 45-64 | 0.17 (0.17-0.18) | <.001 |
| ≥65 | 1 [Reference] | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic | ||
| White | 1 [Reference] | |
| Black | 1.05 (0.98-1.12) | .15 |
| Hispanic | 0.74 (0.70-0.79) | <.001 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.62 (0.58-0.66) | <.001 |
| American Indian/Alaska Native/other/mixed race | 0.88 (0.82-0.94) | <.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Diabetes | 1.75 (1.68-1.83) | <.001 |
| End-stage kidney disease | 4.45 (3.68-5.38) | <.001 |
| HIV infection | 2.07 (1.56-2.73) | <.001 |
| Prior solid organ transplant | 1.03 (0.74-1.52) | .87 |
| History of cancer diagnosis | 1.61 (1.53-1.70) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; TB, tuberculosis.
a
Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for sex, age group, race/ethnicity, and selected comorbidities.