Table 2. Association Between Microbiota Cluster and 2-Year Outcomes With Multiple Imputationa.
| Cluster | Average, No./No. (%) | P value | AOR (95% CI) | P value | AOR (95% CI)b | P value | AOR (95% CI)c | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death or ASQ score <185 at 2-y corrected age | ||||||||
| Cluster 1 | 43/240 (18.5) | <.001 | 3.01 (0.83-10.89) | .001 | 2.79 (0.75-10.43) | .01 | 2.46 (0.67-9.07) | .03 |
| Cluster 2 | 12/68 (19.2) | 3.52 (0.87-14.26) | 2.95 (0.68-12.82) | 2.41 (0.57-10.25) | ||||
| Cluster 3 | 3/61 (6.0) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Cluster 4 | 23/63 (37.4) | 8.21 (2.02-33.35) | 7.19 (1.67-30.87) | 6.17 (1.46-26.00) | ||||
| Cluster 5 | 17/52 (34.6) | 7.33 (1.77-30.35) | 5.06 (1.14-22.51) | 4.53 (1.02-20.06) | ||||
| Cluster 6 | 35/93 (37.0) | 8.15 (2.14-31.08) | 6.49 (1.61-26.13) | 5.42 (1.36-21.58) | ||||
| Death or cerebral palsy at 2-y corrected age | ||||||||
| Cluster 1 | 14/240 (5.9) | <.001 | 1.33 (0.28-6.38) | .006 | 1.27 (0.24-6.75) | .01 | 1.31 (0.25-7.01) | .03 |
| Cluster 2 | 6/68 (9.9) | 2.53 (0.47-13.58) | 2.27 (0.35-14.58) | 2.06 (0.33-12.79) | ||||
| Cluster 3 | 2/61 (3.9) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Cluster 4 | 9/63 (15.0) | 3.37 (0.64-17.89) | 3.57 (0.57-22.14) | 2.97 (0.48-18.24) | ||||
| Cluster 5 | 5/52 (10.8) | 1.99 (0.33-12.14) | 2.59 (0.34-19.62) | 2.45 (0.33-18.03) | ||||
| Cluster 6 | 23/93 (24.9) | 6.10 (1.24-29.96) | 7.93 (1.30-48.41) | 5.94 (1.03-34.27) | ||||
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted for gestational age; ASQ, Ages and Stages questionnaire; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.
Multiple imputation analysis. Odds ratio are estimated using mixed-effects logistic regression with a random hospital intercept. Percentages are weighted to account for differences in sampling process between gestational ages.
Adjusted for gestational age, maternal age, country of birth of the mother, mother level of education, birth weight Z-score, cesarean delivery, and individual therapeutics (surfactant, ductus arterious treatment before in the first 10 days of life, late neonatal infection, volume of enteral nutrition at day 7, gastrointestinal transit considered as regular, practice of skin-to-skin contact during the first week of life).
Adjusted for gestational age, maternal age, country of birth of the mother, mother level of education, birth weight Z-score, cesarean delivery, and all NICU's practice strategies.