Figure 1.

The effect of chrysophanol on the expression of EMT markers, Wnt-3, pGSK3β, and GSK3β. (a) FaDu cells were treated with either the control (0 μM) or the indicated concentration (30 μM) of chrysophanol (Cho) for 24 h. Cells were then harvested and the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, followed by immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies. β-actin was used as an internal control. (b) Densitometric analysis of all samples was normalized against the level of total protein. The images are representative of the results of three independent experiments. All data are presented as the mean ± SD. ^∗P < 0.05.