Table 4.

Overall effect size of foot reflexology intervention for an adult.

		Effect size	95% CI		Null hypothesis		Heterogeneity
					Two-tailed test
	Sample size (studies)	Hedge's g	Lower	Upper	Z value	P Value	Q value	P value	I 2
Depression	4	−0.921	−1.246	−0.595	−5.542	<0.001	5.42	0.143	44.74
Anxiety	16	−1.237	−1.682	−0.791	−5.435	<0.001	217.41	<0.001	93.10
Sleep quality	10	−1.665	−2.361	−0.970	−4.692	<0.001	144.87	<0.001	93.78

P values > 0.001 were rounded to two digits. CI, confidence interval.