Table 5.

Mean effect sizes and moderator analyses of foot reflexology intervention.

	Parameter	Results	Effect sizes (Hedges' g)	95%CI
Anxiety	Categorical moderators
	Outcome measurement tool
	STAI	9	−1.534	−2.332, −0.736
	Others	7	−0.894	−1.241, −0.547
	Reflexology before/after
	Surgical intervention
	Before	5	−1.409	−2.083, −0.735
	After	5	−1.745	−3.066, −0.427
	Intervention type
	1 time intervention	9	−1.553	−2.190, −0.915
	>1 time intervention	6	−0.849	−1.471, −0.226
	Surgical intervention type
	Cardiovascular intervention	5	−1.060	−1.652, −0.467
	Other surgery	5	−2.340	−3.485, −1.195
	Random sequence generation
	High/unclear risk	3	−2.401	−4.737, −0.064
	Low risk	13	−0.970	−1.275, −0.666
	Allocation concealment
	High/unclear risk	12	−1.271	−1.812, −0.730
	Low risk	3	−1.102	−1.668, −0.536
Sleep quality	Outcome measurement tool
	PSQI	7	− 2.021	−2.931, −1.112
	Others	3	− 0.853	−1.158, −0.548
	Participant		−
	Hemodialysis group	2	2.850	−4.104, −1.596
	Nonhemodialysis group	8	−1.375	−2.119, −0.632
	Random sequence generation
	High/unclear risk	4	−2.032	−3.033, −1.031
	Low risk	6	−1.424	−2.395, −0.454
	Allocation concealment
	High/unclear risk	7	−2.085	−2.913, −1.257
	Low risk	3	−0.686	−0.981, −0.390
Anxiety	Parameter	Results	Slope	95% CI
	Continuous moderators
	Mean age	11	−0.155	−1.790, 1.480
	Total length in one time	8	−0.126	−2.217, 1.966
Sleep quality	Mean age	8	0.035	−0.049, 0.056
	Total length of time	10	−0.346	−0.568, −0.124
	Duration	10	−0.256	−0.466, −0.046