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Ion-exchange capacity, water uptake, and Seebeck coefficient (in 0.001 m KCl) for different ion-exchange membranes. Cation-exchange membranes, C1: Nepton CR-61 [37], C2: Nepton CR-51 [37], C3: Interpolymer [37], C4: XE-69 [31], C5: Ionics 61CZL386 [48]. Anion-exchange membranes, A1: XE-119 [37], A2: Nepton AR-111 [37], A3: Aciplex A-201 [43], A4: Aciplex A-211 [43], A5: MPS-10 [46], A6: HPS-2 [46].
