Table A1.

Seebeck coefficient, ($\Delta \varphi$/$\Delta T$), for cation-exchange membranes.

Membrane (Reference)	Type	Electrolyte		Seebeck Coefficient (${\mathbf{10}}^{-\mathbf{3}}{\mathbf{VK}}^{-\mathbf{1}}$)	Electrodes
Collodion Ikeda [24]		KCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-1}$ M	0.052	Ag|AgCl
Oxidized collodium Ikeda [61]	Apparent transport number 0.9	KCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-1}$ M	0.03	Calomel
PMA Laksminarayanaiah [26]	Crosslinked polymetrarylic acid	LiCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	1.00	Ag|AgCl
		NaCl		0.97
		KCl		0.95
		RbCl		0.77
		CsCl		0.82
Amberlite XE-69-polyvinyl chloride 40% Tasaka et al. [30,31]	Heterogeneous polystyrenesulfonate	LiCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.70	Calomel
			$5.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.60
			$1.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.52
			$5.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.42
		NaCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.81
			$5.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.70
			$1.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.60
			$5.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.50
		KCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.85
			$5.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.72
			$1.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.66
			$5.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.54
		KBr	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.83
			$5.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.75
			$1.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.65
			$5.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.50
		KI	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.83
			$5.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.75
			$1.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.65
			$5.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.55
o-m-1 Tasaka et al. [30,33]	Oxidized Collodion	KCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.27	Calomel
			$5.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.17
			$1.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.13
			$5.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.07
i-m-1 Tasaka et al. [33]	Collodion-sulfonated Polystyrene interpolymer	KCl	$5.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.15	Calomel
			$1.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.11
			$5.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.05
M-10/0 Tasaka [34,37]	Heterogeneous Sulfonate polystyrene+ PVC (40%)	LiCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.70	Calomel
		NaCl		0.80
		KCl		0.84
		RbCl		0.89
		CsCl		0.95
		NH${}_4$Cl		0.93
Nepton CR-61 Tasaka [37]	Homogeneous Sulfonate polystyrene	KCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.66	Calomel
Nepton CR-51 Tasaka [37]	Homogeneous Sulfonated phenol resin	KCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.63	Calomel
Interpolymer Tasaka [37]	Sulfonated polystyrene + dried collodion (95%)	KCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.49	Calomel
Flemion S Hanaoka et al. [46]	Porous perfluorosulfonic acid-type	HCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.053	Calomel
		LiCl		0.48
		NaCl		0.46
		KCl		0.59
		NH${}_4$Cl		0.62
Nafion 117 Kjelstrup et al. [47]	Homogeneous Sulfonated	HCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-2}$ M	0.66	Ag|AgCl
Ionics 61 CZL 386 Barragán et al. [48]	Heterogeneous sulfonated	KCl	$7.5\times {10}^{-4}$ M	0.53	Calomel
			$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.51
			$2.5\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.45
			$5.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.42
			$7.5\times {10}^{-1}$ M	0.39
		LiCl	$1.0\times {10}^{-3}$ M	0.75
		NaCl		0.66
		KCl		0.51
		CsCl		0.44
Nafion 1110 Kjelstrup et al. [14]	Homogeneous Sulfonated	HCl		0.67	Hydrogen