FIG 5.

Disruption of the OM reduces spontaneous resistance to rifampicin and attenuates biofilm formation. (a) Frequency of resistance to rifampicin after 24 h and 48 h for E. coli, E. coli and SPR741, and E. coli ΔwaaC. (b) Rifampicin MIC during serial passage of E. coli (blue), E. coli ΔwaaC (green), and E. coli with SPR741 (red). (c) Crystal violet (CV) biofilm assay. Absorbance calculated by crystal violet (OD₅₇₀)/growth (OD₆₀₀). All data are shown with SEM and representative of at least two biological replicates. (c) Conditions are compared to the untreated control and significance calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test (ns, P ≥ 0.05; * P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001).