Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline (total n = 2599 of which n = 1961 for cycle E and n = 638 for cycle F)
| Independent variables | |
|---|---|
| Visual acuity (logMAR), mean (SE) | 0.08 (0.003) |
| Visual Group† | |
| No visual impairment, N (%) | 2020 (78%) |
| Low vision, N (%) | 32 (1,2%) |
| Missing, N (%) | 547 (21%) |
| Dependent variables ҂ | |
| Depression (θ), mean (SE) | 0.0044 (0.0186) |
| Anxiety (θ), mean (SE) | 0.086 (0.0170) |
| Mastery (θ), mean (SE) | 0.046 (0.0192) |
| Self-esteem (θ), mean (SE) | − 0.00122 (0.0186) |
| Other variables | |
| Age, mean (SE) | 72 (0.181) |
| Age Group | |
| Up to 65 years, N (%) | 682 (26.2%) |
| 65 to 90 years, N (%) | 1814 (70%) |
| 90 years and up, N (%) | 103 (4.0%) |
| Female gender, N (%) | 1457 (56%) |
| Living independently, N (%) | 2251 (87%) |
| Currently married, N (%) | 1573 (61%) |
| Dutch nationality, N (%) | 2585 (99%) |
| Network size, mean (SE; range) | 16.1 (0.200; 0–67) |
| Number of chronic somatic disorders | |
| None, N (%) | 650 (25%) |
| One, N (%) | 892 (34%) |
| Two or more, N (%) | 783 (30%) |
| Missing, N (%) | 274 (11%) |
| No functional limitations, N (%) | 1075 (41%) |
| Having a partner, N (%) | 1683 (65%) |
| No special housing adjustments, N (%) | 1709 (66%) |
† Low vision was defined as logMAR visual acuity of 0.50 and higher
҂ Factor scores (range: −4.0 to 4.0), representing latent trait scores, acquired by Item Response Theory (IRT-)analysis on the used questionnaires – for depression; CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale) [29], HADS-A (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Anxiety Subscale) [30], PMS-5 (5-item Pearlin Mastery Scale) [31] and RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) [32]