Table 3.
Factors associated with work ability in a univariate approach and in a multivariable model. was means/slope together with 95% CI are based on model estimates
| Univariate | Multivariable | |||||||
| WAS estimate/slope | 95% CI | P value | WAS model based estimate/slope | 95% CI | F value | df | P value | |
| Age | −0.019 | −0.029 to −0.0090 | 0.0002 | −0.012 | −0.022 to −0.0018 | 5.34 | 1 | 0.021 |
| Gender | 0.027 | 3.36 | 1 | 0.067 | ||||
| Female | 8.35 | 8.24 to 8.46 | 7.83 | 7.43 to 8.23 | ||||
| Male | 7.99 | 7.68 to 8.29 | 7.56 | 7.09 to 8.04 | ||||
| Education | 0.0079 | 4.74 | 2 | 0.0091 | ||||
| Vocational school | 7.90 | 7.30 to 8.50 | 7.42 | 6.76 to 8.07 | ||||
| College-level | 8.18 | 8.04 to 8.32 | 7.70 | 7.32 to 8.09 | ||||
| University-level | 8.48 | 8.33 to 8.63 | 7.98 | 7.58 to 8.37 | ||||
| Cohabiting | 0.91 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.85 | ||||
| Yes | 8.31 | 8.20 to 8.42 | 7.69 | 7.27 to 8.10 | ||||
| No | 8.30 | 8.06 to 8.53 | 7.71 | 7.26 to 8.18 | ||||
| Smoking | 0.19 | |||||||
| Yes | 8.10 | 7.76 to 8.44 | ||||||
| No | 8.33 | 8.23 to 8.44 | ||||||
| Harmful alcohol consumption | 0.35 | |||||||
| Yes | 8.43 | 8.16 to 8.70 | ||||||
| No | 8.30 | 8.18 to 8.40 | ||||||
| Body mass index | −0.036 | −0.057 to −0.016 | 0.0006 | −0.023 | −0.042 to −0.0041 | 5.71 | 1 | 0.017 |
| Disease burden* | <0.0001 | 12.23 | 1 | 0.0005 | ||||
| Yes | 8.07 | 7.95 to 8.20 | 7.52 | 7.11 to 7.95 | ||||
| No | 8.77 | 8.60 to 8.93 | 7.87 | 7.44 to 8.30 | ||||
| Depression† | 0.0083 | |||||||
| Yes | 7.11 | 6.22 to 8.01 | ||||||
| No | 8.33 | 8.23 to 8.43 | ||||||
| Level of anxiety‡ | <0.0001 | |||||||
| No | 8.55 | 8.44 to 8.66 | ||||||
| Mild | 7.59 | 7.38 to 7.81 | ||||||
| Moderate | 7.44 | 6.95 to 7.94 | ||||||
| Severe | 8.00 | 7.03 to 8.97 | ||||||
| Depression and/or anxiety†§ | 1.73 | 2 | 0.17 | |||||
| No depression / No anxiety | 8.02 | 7.72 to 8.31 | ||||||
| Only anxiety | 7.67 | 7.07 to 8.27 | ||||||
| Depression and anxiety | 7.41 | 6.57 to 8.25 | ||||||
| Occupational stress¶ | <0.0001 | 29.80 | 1 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Yes | 7.47 | 7.18 to 7.76 | 7.28 | 6.82 to 7.74 | ||||
| No | 8.47 | 8.37 to 8.57 | 8.12 | 7.70 to 8.54 | ||||
| 3-shift work | 0.0040 | 3.75 | 1 | 0.053 | ||||
| Yes | 8.74 | 8.43 to 9.05 | 7.84 | 7.36 to 8.33 | ||||
| No | 8.26 | 8.15 to 8.36 | 7.55 | 7.16 to 7.95 | ||||
| Self-reported sleep quality | <0.0001 | 14.44 | 2 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Very good | 9.00 | 8.73 to 9.25 | 8.13 | 7.66 to 8.60 | ||||
| Good | 8.34 | 8.22 to 8.47 | 7.68 | 7.25 to 8.10 | ||||
| Poor | 7.80 | 7.59 to 8.00 | 7.29 | 6.86 to 7.72 | ||||
*At least one chronic disease diagnosed by a physician.
†Defined by Major Depression Inventory diagnostic tool (DSM IV).
‡General Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale.
§General Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, moderate or severe anxiety.
¶Bergen Burnout Indicator 15, at least mild occupational stress.
df, degrees of freedom; WAS, Work Ability Score.