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. 2020 Sep 24;160(1):455–458.e5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.028

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© 2021 by the AGA Institute.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Logistic regression analysis of the association between acid-suppressive therapy and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the (A) whole cohort after PSM and (B) among participants with upper gastrointestinal diseases after PSM (∗P < .1). Cox regression analysis of the association between acid-suppressive therapy and the risk of death in (C) patients with COVID-19 after PSM (∗P < .1) and (D) in COVID-19–positive patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases after PSM. HR, hazard ratio. Forest plots for association between (E) PPI or (F) H2RA use and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The gray boxes denote the effect sizes of studies and the size of each box is proportional to the weight given to each study. The diamonds represent the pooled OR of the meta-analysis, with the tips of the diamond indicating the 95% CI. 1. Almario et al²: the OR used in the meta-analysis was the pooled OR of reporting a positive COVID-19 test associated with once-daily and twice-daily use of PPIs from subgroup analysis. 2. Lee et al³: the OR used in the meta-analysis was the pooled ORs of testing positive for COVID-19 associated with past and current PPIs use from subgroup analysis. 3. In our study, the OR of testing positive for COVID-19 associated with PPIs therapy in the PSM cohort was used in the meta-analysis. 4. Lee et al³: the OR of testing positive for COVID-19 associated with current PPIs use from subgroup analysis was used in the meta-analysis. 5 and 6. Almario et al²: the ORs of reporting a positive COVID-19 test associated with once daily and twice daily use of H2RAs from subgroup analysis were pooled using the fixed effects meta-analysis.