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. 2020 Sep 10;14:179. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00179

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Copyright © 2020 Singh and Nasonkin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Major challenges of human pluripotent stem cell derived retinal organoid approach growing in dish. In retinal organoid there islack of RPE interaction with neural retina and lack of RPE interaction with choroid. Also, there is lack of retina brain connectivity. However, early retinal development can be studied using retinal organoid (cell fate acquisition). Once the advanced systems of co-culturing will be established (retinal-brain organoids =assembloids, photoreceptor sheets in organoids -RPE sheets, and vascularized organoids) one will be able to design better models of human retina for both drug screening and therapeutic applications.