TABLE 1.
Clinical data of patients with aortic valve disease used in immunohistochemistry.
| Clinical parameter | Control (N = 21) (Mean ± SD) | AVS (N = 48) (Mean ± SD) |
| Age (years) | 61.2 ± 11.7 | 79.8 ± 11.2* |
| Female (%) | 38.1 | 37.5 |
| HgA1c (%) | 1.6 ± 2.7 | 6.2 ± 1.1* |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.0 ± 1.2 | 3.6 ± 1.0 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.8 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6a |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 85.6 ± 30.1 | 100.7 ± 66.4 |
| Albumin (mmol/L) | 28.2 ± 7.5 | 30.7 ± 8.3 |
| Circulating calcium (mmol/L) | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.2b |
| Aortic valve area (cm2) | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.3* |
| Pmax (mmHg) | 13.1 ± 12.3 | 83.2 ± 28.2* |
| Pmean (mmHg) | 6.8 ± 8.1 | 51.1 ± 18.7* |
| Jet velocity (cm/s) | 169.5 ± 66.8 | 443.7 ± 80.0* |
| LVEF (%) | 62.7 ± 6.5 | 56.4 ± 15.5 |
aP < 0.05 by sex, bP < 0.05 by age, * P < 0.0001 compared to normal valves. AVS, aortic valve stenosis. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. SD, standard deviation; HgA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; Pmax, max pressure across the aortic valve; Pmean, mean pressure across the aortic valve; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.