Table 3.
Molecular laboratory techniques, portable biosensing systems and biosensors exploiting Type V and VI Cas effectors.
| Name | Cas enzyme | Target | Organism | Amplification | Transduction method | LOD | Range | Detection time | Sample | Year | Ref | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHERLOK | Cas13a | DNA; RNA | Zika,Dengue,E.coli,K. pneumoniae,Human SNPs | RPA | Fluorescence | 2 aM | / | 2−3h | Human Urine/Saliva Bacteria culture |
2017 | [62] | ||
| DETECTR | Cas12a | DNA | HPV16,HPV18 | RPA | Fluorescence | ∼aM | / | 40−70min | Culture infected human cell | 2018 | [63] | ||
| HOLMES | Cas12a | RNA; DNA | JEV,Pseudorabies virus (PRV) | PCR | Fluorescence | 10 aM | / | 1h | Culture infected cell | 2018 | [64] | ||
| HUDSON + SHERLOK | Cas13a | RNA | Zika,Dengue | RPA | Fluorescence | 2 aM | / | < 2 h | Human Urine/Saliva | 2018 | [65] | ||
| SHERLOKV2 | Cas13a Cas12a Cas13b |
DNA/RNA | Zika,Dengue,E. coli,K. pneumoniae Human SNPs |
RT-RPA + T7 or RPA + T7 | Fluorescence Later flow Assay | 2 aM | / | < 2 h | Human Urine/Saliva Bacteria |
2018 | [66] | ||
| Cas12VDET | Cas12a | DNA | Mycoplasma | RPA | Colorimetric naked eyes |
10 aM | / | 30 min | Culture cell | 2019 | [67] | ||
| HOMESV2 | Cas12b | DNA/RNA | JEV,Pseudorabies virus (PRV),Human SNPs, DNA methylation | LAMP | Fluorescence | ∼10 aM | / | 1 h | Culture infected cell | 2019 | [68] | ||
| Microfluidic Ebola virus detection | Cas13a | RNA | Ebola | No | Microfluidic chip; Portable fluorimeter | 20 pfu/mL | Linear 20−2000pfu/mL | 5 min | Virus Stock | 2019 | [69] | ||
| Cas12a fluorescent based point of care system | Cas12a | DNA | ASFV | No | Portable fluorimeter | 1 pM | Linear1−100pM | 2 h | Synthetic DNA gene B646L | 2020 | [70] | ||
| CIA | Cas12a | DNA | P, aeuroginosa | LAMP | Colorimetric Lateral flow assay |
1 cfu/mL | / | 50min | Recombinant plasmid E.coli | 2020 | [71] | ||
| RT/LAMP Cas12a DETECTR | Cas12a | RNA | SARS-CoV-2 | RT-LAMP | Lateral flow assay | 10 copies/ul | 40 | Nasopharyngeal swab | 2020 | [72] | |||
| E-CRISPR | Cas12a | DNA | HPV16 | No | SWV | 50pM | Dynamic∼(pM-uM) | / | Amplified ssDNA Spike sample |
2020 | [74] | ||
| CRISPR/Cas12a-Mediated Interfacial Cleaving of Hairpin DNA Reporter for Electrochemical Nucleic Acid Sensing |
Cas12a | DNA | HPV16, HPV18 | No | DPV | 30pM | Dynamic 50pM-100nM |
60 | Amplified ssDNA Spike sample |
2020 | [75] | ||
| Surpassing the detection limit and accuracy of the electrochemical DNA sensor through the application of CRISPR Cas systems | Cas12a | DNA | Parvovirus B19 | No | SWV | 10fM | Dynamic fM-uM | >60 | Amplified ssDNA Spike sample |
2020 | [76] | ||
| CRISPR/Cas13a-Powered Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor for Nucleic Acid Amplification-Free miRNA Diagnostics |
Cas13a | RNA | miR-19B | No | Amperometric | 10pM | Dynamic 0,1−1000pM | <4h | Serum from children | 2019 | [77] | ||