Table 1A.
Various natural compounds targeting specific proteins in SARS-CoV.
| Compound | IC50/EC50 | Target | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emodin | 200μM | Spike Protein (S) | (Ho, 2007) |
| Tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (TGG) | 50−4.5 μM | Spike Protein (S) | (Yi, 2004) |
| Luteolin | 10.6μM | Spike Protein (S) | (Yi, 2004) |
| Myricetin | 2.5−3.0 μM | Helicase | (Yu, 2012) |
| Scutellarein | 0.4−1.24 μM | Helicase | (Yu, 2012) |
| Baicalin | 2.24 mM | Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor | (Deng et al., 2012) |
| Scutellarin | 44−52 μM | ACE2 receptor | (Wang et al., 2016) |
| Nicotianamine | 84nM | ACE2 receptor | (Chen, 2020) |
| Glycyrrhizin | NA | ACE2 receptor | (Chen, 2020) |
|
Flavinoids: Herbacetin |
33.17μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Jo, 2020) |
| Rhoifolin | 27.45 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Jo, 2020) |
| Pectolinarin | 37.78 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Jo, 2020) |
| Amentoflavone | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Ryu, 2010) | |
| Sinigrin | 217 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Lin, 2005) |
| Indigo | 752 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Lin, 2005) |
| Beta-sitosterol | 1210 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Lin, 2005) |
| Hesperetin | 365 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Lin, 2005) |
| Aloe emodin | 8.3μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Lin, 2005) |
| Tannic acid | 3 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Chen, 2005) |
| Isotheaflavin-3-gallate (TF2B) | 7μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Chen, 2005) |
| Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3) | 9.5 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Chen, 2005) |
| Betulinic acid | 10 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Wen, 2007) |
| Savinin | 25 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Wen, 2007) |
| 6. Baicalin | 6.41 ± 0.95 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Su et al., 2020) |
| Baicalein | 0.94 ± 0.20 μM | Chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) | (Su et al., 2020) |
| Isobavachalcone | Cell-free cleavage- 39.4 ± 5.2 μM Cell-based cleavage-11.9 ± 2.8 μM |
Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| 4-hydroxyderricin | Cell free cleavage 81.4 ± 8.5 μM Cell based cleavage 50.8 ± 3.0 μM |
Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Xanthoangelol | Cell free cleavage38.4 ± 3.9 μM Cell based cleavage5.8 ± 0.63.0 μM |
Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Xanthoangelol F | Cell free cleavage34.1 ± 4.8 μM Cell based cleavage32.6 ± 2.2 μM |
Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| xanthoangelol D | Cell free cleavage26.6 ± 5.2 μM Cell based cleavage9.3 ± 1.2 μM |
Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Xanthoangelol E | Cell free cleavage11.4 ± 1.4 μM Cell based cleavage7.1 ± 0.8 μM |
Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Xanthoangelol B | Cell free cleavage22.2 ± 6.5 μM Cell based cleavage8.6 ± 2.6 μM |
Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Xanthoangelol G | Cell free cleavage129.8 ± 10.3 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Xanthokeistal A | Cell free cleavage44.1 ± 1.3 μM Cell based cleavage 9.8 ± 2.3 μM |
Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Psoralen | Cell free cleavage45 % at 200 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Bergapten | Cell free cleavage40 % at 200 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Xanthotoxin | Cell free cleavage 40 % at 200 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Isopimpinellin | Cell free cleavage 40 % at 200 μM |
Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park et al., 2016) |
| Bavachinin | 12.99 μg/mL | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Kim, 2014) |
| Neobavaisoflavone | 5.9 μg/mL | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Kim, 2014) |
| 25.Isobavachalcone | 7.3 ± 0.8 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Kim, 2014) |
| 4′-O-methylbavachalcone | 3.6 μg/mL | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Kim, 2014) |
| Psoralidin | 1.412 μg/mL | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Kim, 2014) |
| Corylifol A | 12.62 μg/mL | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Kim, 2014) |
| Platyphyllenone | >200μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park, 2012) |
| Hirsutenone | 4.1 ± 0.3 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park, 2012) |
| Platyphyllone | >200μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park, 2012) |
| Platyphyllonol-5xylopyranoside | >200μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park, 2012) |
| Hirsutanonol | 7.8 ± 1.7 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park, 2012) |
| Oregonin | 20.1 ± 2.2 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park, 2012) |
| Rubranol | 12.3 ± 0.9 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park, 2012) |
| Rubranoside B | 8.0 ± 0.2 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park, 2012) |
| Rubranoside A | 9.1 ± 1.0 μM | Papain- like cysteine protease (PLpro) | (Park, 2012) |
| Houttuynia cordata extract | 251.1 μg/mL | RNA dependent RNA polymerase | (Fung, 2011) |
| Ganoderma lucidum extract | 41.9 μg/mL | RNA dependent RNA polymerase | (Fung, 2011) |