Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for COVID-19 Risk Exposure, General and Pregnancy Specific Worries in the total sample and split by race (Black/White)
| Total Sample (N=787) | Black (n=216; 27.4%) | White-Non Latina/Hispanic (n=571; 72.6%) | Race difference: Tests without covariates | Race difference: Tests with covariates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 Related Stress Exposures | % | % | % | Chi-Square | Binary Logistic Regression |
| Tested | 4.6% | 5.6% | 4.2% | χ2(1)=0.66, p=.418 | Wald χ2(1)=.18, p=.672 |
| Experienced symptoms they feel could be attributable to COVID-19 | 11.2% | 6.5% | 13.0% | χ2(1)=6.62, p=.010 | Wald χ2(1)=6.64, p=.010 |
| Know Someone Who Tested Positive | 44.1% | 37.0% | 46.8% | χ2(1)=6.01, p=.014 | Wald χ2(1)=.11, p=.737 |
| Know Someone Who Died | 9.5% | 13.4% | 8.1% | χ2(1)=5.24, p=.022 | Wald χ2(1)=3.60, p=.058 |
| Job Negatively Affecteda | 26.0% | 40.7% | 20.5% | χ2(1)=33.36, p<.001 | Wald χ2(1)=8.56, p=.003 |
| General COVID-19 Worries (range 1-5)b | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | t-test | |
| Family Getting COVID-19 | 3.51 (1.12) | 3.16 (1.40) | 3.65(.96) | t(785)=4.77, p<.001 | F(1,780)=8.34, p=.004 |
| Self Getting COVID-19 | 3.06 (1.09) | 2.88(1.34) | 3.12(.97) | t(785)=2.36, p=.019 | F(1,780)=2.20, p=.138 |
| Unknowingly Infecting Others | 2.91 (1.24) | 2.68(1.52) | 2.99(1.10) | t(785)=2.77, p=.006 | F(1,780)=3.98, p=.046 |
| Financial Burden of Pandemic | 2.67(1.35) | 3.09(1.54) | 2.51(1.23) | t(785)=-4.93, p<.001 | F(1,780)=4.37, p=.037 |
| Dying From COVID-19 | 2.24 (1.19) | 2.50 (1.47) | 2.14(1.06) | t(785)=-3.23, p=.001 | F(1,780)=0.88, p=.348 |
| Currently Having COVID-19 | 1.99 (1.11) | 2.16(1.44) | 1.92(.95) | t(785)=-2.28, p=.023 | F(1,780)=0.30, p=.587 |
| Pregnancy-Related COVID-19 Worries (range 1-5)b | M(SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | t-test | |
| Having a Good Birthing Experience Because of the Pandemic | 3.84 (1.12) | 4.12(1.15) | 3.73(1.09) | t(785)=-4.40, p<.001 | F(1,780)=3.99, p=.046 |
| Receiving Good Prenatal Care Because of the Pandemic | 2.97 (1.26) | 3.46(1.41) | 2.79(1.15) | t(785)=-6.24, p<.001 | F(1,780)=5.84, p=.016 |
| Exposure During Prenatal Care Visits During the Pandemic | 2.92 (1.23) | 3.19(1.44) | 2.82(1.13) | t(785)=-3.34, p=.001 | F(1,780)=2.34, p=.127 |
| Access to Food, Meds, Baby Care Items During the Pandemic | 2.59 (1.22) | 3.03(1.44) | 2.42(1.07) | t(785)=-5.64, p<.001 | F(1,780)=7.03, p=.008 |
| Psychiatric Symptoms (% meeting Screening threshold)c | % | % | % | Chi-Square | Binary Logistic Regression |
| Anxiety | 11.8% | 13.9% | 11.0% | χ2(1)=1.23, p=.268 | Wald χ2=3.41, p=.065 |
| Depression | 10.2% | 16.2% | 7.9% | χ2(1)=11.89, p=.001 | Wald χ2=1.75, p=.185 |
Covariates in the statistics reported in the far right column are maternal age, gestational age, SES, marital status (married or living with partner vs. not), and parity (0 vs. ≧1). aJob negatively affected includes women who reported loss of job or reduction in pay or reduction in hours. b A Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (a great deal) was used to assess level of worry for general COVID-19 worries and pregnancy-specific COVID-19 worries. cA screening threshold of 11 was used for GAD-7 to identify positive anxiety screens and a threshold of 3 was used on PHQ-2 to identify positive depression screens.