Table 4. Chest CT findings on initial CT examination.
| Deceased (n = 21) | Survivor (n = 69) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-parenchymal Findings | |||
| Pulmonary artery diameter* | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Pleural effusion | 10 (48%) | 10 (14%) | 0.005 |
| Prior tuberculosis | 3 (14%) | 8 (12%) | 0.7 |
| Mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy | 11 (52%) | 24 (35%) | 0.2 |
| Bronchiectasis | 4 (19%) | 6 (9%) | 0.2 |
| Lung Parenchyma | |||
| Right upper lobe severity# | 0: 1 (5%) 1: 4 (19%) 2: 4 (19%) 3: 6 (29%) 4: 2 (10%) 5: 1 (19%) | 0: 3 (4%) 1: 13 (19%) 2: 26 (38%) 3: 13 (19%) 4: 12 (17%) 5: 2 (3%) | 0.2 |
| Right middle lobe severity# | 0: 2 (10%) 1: 4 (19%) 2: 5 (24%) 3: 5 (24%) 4: 0 (0%) 5: 5 (24%) | 0: 12 (17%) 1: 20 (29%) 2: 15 (22%) 3: 16 (23%) 4: 2 (3%) 5: 4 (6%) | 0.04 |
| Right lower lobe severity# | 0: 0 (0%) 1: 2 (10%) 2: 3 (14%) 3: 8 (38%) 4: 3 (14%) 5: 5 (24%) | 0: 2 (3%) 1: 6 (9%) 2: 21 (30%) 3: 22 (32%) 4: 12 (17%) 5: 6 (9%) | 0.1 |
| Left upper lobe severity# | 0: 0 (0%) 1: 6 (29%) 2: 4 (19%) 3: 6 (29%) 4: 2 (10%) 5: 3 (14%) | 0: 6 (9%) 1: 11 (16%) 2: 24 (35%) 3: 15 (22%) 4: 12 (17%) 5: 1 (1%) | 0.3 |
| Left lower lobe severity# | 0: 1 (4%) 1: 2 (10%) 2: 2 (10%) 3: 6 (29%) 4: 4 (19%) 5: 6 (29%) | 0: 4 (6%) 1: 6 (9%) 2: 28 (41%) 3: 12 (17%) 4: 15 (22%) 5: 4 (5%) | 0.02 |
| Total lung severity score* | 14.6 ± 6.4 | 11.8 ± 4.9 | 0.08 |
| Lower lung zone severity score* | 9.2 ± 3.9 | 7.2 ± 3.3 | 0.04 |
| Number of lobes involved | 2: 0 (0%) 3: 1 (5%) 4: 2 (10%) 5: 18 (86%) | 2: 2 (3%) 3: 6 (9%) 4: 9 (13%) 5: 52 (75%) | 0.3 |
| Opacification pattern$ | |||
| Right upper lobe opacification patterna | 0: 1 (5%) 1: 13 (62%) 2: 5 (24%) 3: 0 (0%) 4: 1 (5%) 5: 1 (5%) | 0: 3 (4%) 1: 51 (74%) 2: 13 (19%) 3: 1 (1%) 4: 1 (1%) 5: 0 (0%) | 0.4 |
| Right middle lobe opacification patterna | 0: 2 (10%) 1: 13 (62%) 2: 4 (19%) 3: 0 (0%) 4: 1 (5%) 5: 1 (5%) | 0: 12 (17%) 1: 46 (67%) 2: 9 (13%) 3: 1 (1%) 4: 1 (1%) 5: 0 (0%) | 0.4 |
| Right lower lobe opacification patterna | 0: 0 (0%) 1: 14 (67%) 2: 5 (24%) 3: 0 (0%) 4: 1 (5%) 5: 1 (5%) | 0: 2 (3%) 1: 49 (71%) 2: 17 (25%) 3: 1 (1%) 4: 0 (0%) 5: 0 (0%) | 0.2 |
| Left upper lobe opacification patterna | 0: 0 (0%) 1: 13 (62%) 2: 6 (29%) 3: 0 (0%) 4: 1 (5%) 5: 1 (5%) | 0: 6 (9%) 1: 48 (70%) 2: 14 (20%) 3: 1 (1%) 4: 0 (0%) 5: 0 (0%) | 0.1 |
| Left lower lobe opacification patterna | 0: 0 (0%) 1: 13 (62%) 2: 6 (29%) 3: 0 (0%) 4: 1 (5%) 5: 1 (5%) | 0: 4 (6%) 1: 48 (70%) 2: 16 (23%) 3: 1 (1%) 4: 0 (0%) 5: 0 (0%) | 0.1 |
| Distribution of diseaseb | 1: 11 (52%) 2: 6 (29%) 3: 4 (19%) | 1: 51 (74%) 2: 14 (20%) 3: 4 (6%) | 0.09 |
*Two tailed unpaired Student’s t test with Welch correction.
#Chi-square (Cochran-Armitage) test for trend.
$Pearson’s chi-square test. Otherwise, Fischer’s exact test.
a0: no involvement, 1: pure ground-glass, 2: ground-glass with consolidation, 3: reverse halo, 4: nodular, 5: mixed.
b1: subpleural/peripheral, 2: subpleural and central distribution, 3: diffuse distribution.