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. 2019 Jan 17;21(1):80. doi: 10.3390/e21010080

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A schematic setup of 3-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) with hybrid encoding. Alice uses orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes of a single photon, and Bob controls the phase of each path to encode their information in the single photon. The encoded photon enters into a 3-port interferometer. After single photon interference, a OAM value and existing path of the single photon is measured. SLM: spatial light modulator; BS1: 50:50 beam splitter; BS2: beam splitter of which transmissivity is $1 / 3$ ; BS3: beam splitter of which transmissivity is $2 / 3$ ; OAM CT: cyclic transformation of OAM modes.