Table 3.
The PSNR, SSIM, and FSIM values obtained by all algorithms under different threshold levels.
| Measures | Image | K | WOA-DE | WOA | SSA | SCA | ALO | HSO | BA | PSO | BDE | IDSA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSNR | Image2 | 4 | 18.6558 | 18.6558 | 18.6558 | 18.6533 | 18.6558 | 18.5722 | 18.4352 | 18.6558 | 18.6452 | 18.6558 |
| 6 | 22.2481 | 20.8588 | 21.3402 | 21.5799 | 21.3148 | 20.861 | 20.2596 | 21.7136 | 20.8588 | 20.9995 | ||
| 8 | 24.8821 | 23.1744 | 23.6373 | 23.4877 | 24.1624 | 24.5724 | 23.1158 | 23.372 | 23.5863 | 23.5837 | ||
| 10 | 27.9116 | 25.3956 | 25.9502 | 27.0446 | 27.7051 | 25.3211 | 25.1289 | 25.3938 | 25.87 | 25.9861 | ||
| 12 | 29.8805 | 29.8395 | 29.6719 | 28.6767 | 29.4309 | 26.3023 | 29.2218 | 29.34 | 29.0663 | 29.2001 | ||
| Image7 | 4 | 23.2367 | 22.947 | 22.9286 | 22.9305 | 23.0442 | 22.9765 | 22.923 | 22.982 | 22.982 | 22.9122 | |
| 6 | 26.6481 | 26.5553 | 26.5205 | 26.5953 | 26.656 | 26.4685 | 26.5963 | 26.6156 | 26.527 | 26.5732 | ||
| 8 | 29.1886 | 29.1004 | 28.9405 | 27.8606 | 29.132 | 29.063 | 27.9378 | 29.0088 | 29.1151 | 29.0763 | ||
| 10 | 31.2154 | 30.9433 | 31.1186 | 29.6665 | 30.9579 | 30.64 | 28.3997 | 30.9199 | 31.0374 | 31.169 | ||
| 12 | 32.7203 | 32.6538 | 31.7022 | 30.101 | 32.6566 | 31.6295 | 28.988 | 32.7035 | 32.6774 | 32.6603 | ||
| SSIM | Image2 | 4 | 0.5266 | 0.5266 | 0.5266 | 0.5253 | 0.5186 | 0.5212 | 0.5212 | 0.5266 | 0.5242 | 0.5266 |
| 6 | 0.652 | 0.6103 | 0.617 | 0.6105 | 0.6192 | 0.6379 | 0.5864 | 0.6332 | 0.6103 | 0.6197 | ||
| 8 | 0.7361 | 0.6944 | 0.7052 | 0.6976 | 0.7281 | 0.7224 | 0.7094 | 0.6978 | 0.7004 | 0.6963 | ||
| 10 | 0.8064 | 0.7551 | 0.7608 | 0.7701 | 0.7996 | 0.7534 | 0.7247 | 0.7594 | 0.7705 | 0.7733 | ||
| 12 | 0.8505 | 0.8484 | 0.8432 | 0.7859 | 0.8411 | 0.8463 | 0.8182 | 0.8367 | 0.8483 | 0.8269 | ||
| Image7 | 4 | 0.8494 | 0.8414 | 0.8407 | 0.8419 | 0.8456 | 0.8405 | 0.8382 | 0.8416 | 0.8416 | 0.8399 | |
| 6 | 0.9136 | 0.9097 | 0.907 | 0.9086 | 0.9115 | 0.9091 | 0.9098 | 0.9087 | 0.9091 | 0.9079 | ||
| 8 | 0.9422 | 0.9409 | 0.9392 | 0.9254 | 0.9415 | 0.9412 | 0.9241 | 0.9404 | 0.9416 | 0.9418 | ||
| 10 | 0.9648 | 0.9608 | 0.9603 | 0.946 | 0.9587 | 0.9552 | 0.9255 | 0.9624 | 0.9633 | 0.9637 | ||
| 12 | 0.9726 | 0.9715 | 0.9624 | 0.9543 | 0.9724 | 0.963 | 0.9338 | 0.9718 | 0.9724 | 0.9725 | ||
| FSIM | Image2 | 4 | 0.7151 | 0.7151 | 0.7151 | 0.7149 | 0.7151 | 0.7117 | 0.7115 | 0.7151 | 0.7142 | 0.7151 |
| 6 | 0.7921 | 0.7707 | 0.7723 | 0.7708 | 0.7711 | 0.7876 | 0.7577 | 0.7799 | 0.7707 | 0.7866 | ||
| 8 | 0.8435 | 0.8257 | 0.8289 | 0.8246 | 0.8426 | 0.8313 | 0.8093 | 0.824 | 0.8256 | 0.8198 | ||
| 10 | 0.8745 | 0.8617 | 0.8582 | 0.8423 | 0.8738 | 0.8616 | 0.8153 | 0.864 | 0.8686 | 0.8682 | ||
| 12 | 0.9041 | 0.9036 | 0.9005 | 0.8987 | 0.9007 | 0.8978 | 0.8531 | 0.8806 | 0.9022 | 0.8915 | ||
| Image7 | 4 | 0.9012 | 0.8964 | 0.8959 | 0.8965 | 0.8991 | 0.8968 | 0.8953 | 0.8972 | 0.8972 | 0.8956 | |
| 6 | 0.9469 | 0.9445 | 0.946 | 0.9458 | 0.9467 | 0.9449 | 0.9468 | 0.9465 | 0.9453 | 0.9464 | ||
| 8 | 0.9671 | 0.9666 | 0.9658 | 0.9591 | 0.9665 | 0.9659 | 0.9559 | 0.9658 | 0.9666 | 0.966 | ||
| 10 | 0.9773 | 0.9758 | 0.9752 | 0.971 | 0.9759 | 0.9754 | 0.9574 | 0.9765 | 0.9761 | 0.9763 | ||
| 12 | 0.9834 | 0.9824 | 0.9799 | 0.9729 | 0.9829 | 0.9802 | 0.9664 | 0.9828 | 0.9825 | 0.9826 |