Table 5.

Wilcoxon’s rank sum test results.

Comparison	p-Value
WOA-DE versus WOA	2.3197 × 10−4
WOA-DE versus SSA	9.0193 × 10−8
WOA-DE versus SCA	6.8546 × 10−7
WOA-DE versus ALO	4.2264 × 10−10
WOA-DE versus HSO	7.6791 × 10−7
WOA-DE versus BA	3.2115 × 10−9
WOA-DE versus PSO	7.6473 × 10−8
WOA-DE versus BDE	4.5474 × 10−5
WOA-DE versus IDSA	7.0546 × 10−4