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. 2019 May 23;21(5):521. doi: 10.3390/e21050521

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Flow diagrams for qa=2 and two values of qc: qc=4 (left panel) and qc=8 (right panel), which are the same values as in Figure 1. Here solid lines denote stable steady values of concentration cst, whereas dashed lines denote unstable values of cst. Arrows denote the direction of flow, i.e., how the concentration changes in time. Supercritical pitchfork bifurcation that corresponds to the continuous phase transition is seen in the left panel, whereas subcritical pitchfork bifurcation that corresponds to the discontinuous phase transition is seen in the right panel [28,39].