Table 1.

Material properties for SS 304 steel used in evaluating loading parameters [2,15,55,56].

Property	Bending	Torsion
Modulus, GPa	E = 195	G = 82.8
Fatigue strength coefficient, MPa	$\sigma {\prime }_f$ = 1000	$\tau {\prime }_f$ = 709
Fatigue strength exponent b	−0.114	−0.121
Fatigue ductility coefficient	$\epsilon {\prime }_f$ = 0.171	$\gamma {\prime }_f$ = 0.413
Fatigue ductility exponent c	−0.402	−0.353
Cyclic strain hardening exponent n’	0.287	0.296
Specific heat capacity $C$, J/kg K	500
Density $\rho$, kg/m3	7900
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion $\alpha$	17.3 × 10−6