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. 2020 Jun 8;36(2):192–201. doi: 10.5578/turkjsurg.4548

Table 2. Complications according to adapted Clavien classification (204 complications in 174 donors).

Grade Number of the patients and % Complications and number of the patients
Grade 1 112 (12.6%) Wound problems (bedside and medical treatment) : 49
Vomiting (remarkable-medical treatment) : 23
Ascites & Pleural effusion (medical treatment) : 17
Bile leak (spontaneously resolved) : 8
Pain (remarkable-medical treatment) : 8
Sub-ileus (Follow-up) : 7
Grade 2 15 (1.7%) Pulmonary embolism (minor-medical treatment) : 2
Pneumonia & atelectasis (medical treatment) : 4
Diarrhea (medical treatment) : 2
Urinary infection (medical treatment) : 4
Anxiety (medical treatment) : 3
Vertigo (medical treatment) : 2
Cardiac arrhythmia (medical treatment) : 1
Grade 3 70 (7.8%) Pleural effusion & abdominal collection
3 a 35 (3.9%) (percutaneous drainage) : 20 (3a)
3 b 35 (3.9%) Gastric ulcer bleeding (endoscopic treatment) : 1 (3a)
Bile leak
(percutaneous drainage only) : 6 (3a)
(PTC-D & ERCP-S ) : 4 (3a)
* (surgical treatment - hepaticojejunostomy) : 1 (3b)
* (surgical treatment - surgical drainage ) : 4 (3b)
Biliary stricture
(PTC-D & ERCP-S) : 4 (3a)
* (surgical treatment - hepaticojejunostomy) : 2 (3b)
* Bleeding (surgical treatment and transfusion) : 11 (3b)
Incisional hernia (surgical treatment) : 11 (3b)
Wound problems (surgical treatment ) : 3 (3b)
* Intestinal obstruction (surgical treatment) : 2 (3b)
* Intestinal perforation (surgical treatment ) : 1 (3b)
Grade 4 7 (0.8%) * Pulmonary embolism (medical treatment -ICU ) : 2 (4a)
4a * Portal vein thrombosis
4b - (late – medical treatment ) : 1 (4a)
(early – surgical treatment) : 1 (4a)
* Bleeding (thoracotomy and pneumonia ) : 1 (4a)
* Temporary Liver failure (plasmapheresis) : 1 (4a)
* Liver transplantation (BRIC) : 1 (4a)
Grade 5 - -
* life-threatening & nearly life- threatening complications (in 26 donors – 2.9 %).
PTC-D: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram and biliary drainage.
ERCP-S: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography and stent replacement.
BRIC: Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis.