Table 1.
Description of 51 SNP sets associated with Temperament sets (p < 1E−05)
| Finnish sample | Probability of health | # Gs | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNP sets | SNP set names | Character | % Coding | SKAT p-value | Average SNPs | Best SNP | Worst SNP | # Subjects | # SNPs | Well- being | Ill-being | |
| G_13_3 | ERK-conditioned impulsivity | 71 | 7.38E−14 | 1.50E−01 | 1.46E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 95 | 158 | 0.03 | 0.32 | 21 | |
| G_8_8 | Global inositol/chemokine pathways | Organized | 60 | 1.06E−14 | 4.39E−01 | 5.04E−05 | 1.00E+00 | 224 | 611 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 286 |
| G_13_10 | Cholinergic neuromodulation | 71 | 3.13E−08 | 9.38E−02 | 8.81E−06 | 5.99E−01 | 148 | 57 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 17 | |
| G_21_18 | Cognitive flexibility | 73 | 2.75E−05 | 3.53E−01 | 1.10E−03 | 1.00E+00 | 116 | 47 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 15 | |
| G_30_10 | TNF-based resilience | 50 | 1.21E−05 | 2.33E−01 | 1.74E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 47 | 45 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 6 | |
| G_7_3 | Neurogenesis | Organized | 66 | 3.32E−06 | 4.07E−01 | 4.02E−05 | 1.00E+00 | 133 | 364 | 0.17 | 0.36 | 128 |
| G_38_23 | Sensory sensitivity | 63 | 7.60E−07 | 1.23E−02 | 3.90E−04 | 1.12E−01 | 39 | 37 | 0.05 | 0.49 | 16 | |
| G_25_3 | Acetylcholine biosynthesis | 50 | 2.06E−06 | 3.62E−03 | 1.66E−04 | 1.54E−02 | 16 | 31 | 0.13 | 0.50 | 2 | |
| G_31_8 | Neurotrophin | Organized | 57 | 4.34E−16 | 2.55E−01 | 4.02E−05 | 1.00E+00 | 54 | 183 | 0.09 | 0.54 | 60 |
| G_28_15 | Estrogen neuroplasticity | Dependent | 52 | 3.10E−06 | 3.66E−01 | 2.05E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 101 | 123 | 0.08 | 0.38 | 29 |
| G_11_7 | HPA stress reactivity | 64 | 9.17E−10 | 1.49E−01 | 1.66E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 26 | 92 | 0.08 | 0.38 | 11 | |
| G_26_14 | Glucose transport | Apathetic | 60 | 1.12E−07 | 2.78E−01 | 1.31E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 46 | 75 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 25 |
| G_41_33 | GPCR neuroplasticity | Dependent | 47 | 1.47E−06 | 2.70E−01 | 7.41E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 56 | 76 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 15 |
| G_21_16 | Acetylcholine biosynthesis | 100 | 8.24E−06 | 2.41E−03 | 1.66E−04 | 1.54E−02 | 37 | 26 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 1 | |
| G_38_38 | Ion permeability | 67 | 2.67E−12 | 1.60E−01 | 1.08E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 38 | 79 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 18 | |
| G_7_2 | GPCR dysregulation | Dependent | 61 | 2.12E−18 | 3.39E−01 | 2.95E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 211 | 303 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 147 |
| G_12_11 | Ras-Akt interaction | 75 | 8.00E−08 | 5.89E−02 | 2.77E−04 | 5.95E−01 | 105 | 44 | 0.03 | 0.21 | 4 | |
| G_16_1 | PI3K-based memory | 64 | 1.72E−05 | 2.61E−01 | 3.35E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 108 | 53 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 11 | |
| G_37_14 | Neuroexcitability | 58 | 1.25E−05 | 2.50E−02 | 1.74E−04 | 8.12E−01 | 21 | 42 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 12 | |
| G_13_12 | Acetylcholine biosynthesis | 100 | 6.26E−06 | 8.60E−02 | 1.66E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 78 | 47 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 1 | |
| G_12_1 | Episodic learning | Creative | 61 | 2.92E−13 | 2.44E−01 | 1.08E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 146 | 189 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 64 |
| G_28_10 | WD/CDK neuroplasticity | 50 | 7.40E−06 | 3.11E−02 | 3.22E−04 | 2.76E−01 | 46 | 30 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 8 | |
| G_5_3 | Regulation pathways | 0 | 1.40E−05 | 4.24E−03 | 1.74E−04 | 3.74E−02 | 172 | 50 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 2 | |
| G_38_13 | Glucuronidase habit extinction | 57 | 6.25E−06 | 6.73E−02 | 1.74E−04 | 7.31E−01 | 60 | 63 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 7 | |
| G_35_22 | PI3K-based memory | 80 | 2.90E−07 | 1.04E−01 | 1.31E−04 | 5.71E−01 | 43 | 36 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 5 | |
| G_33_4 | ERK-PKA interaction | 50 | 4.53E−05 | 1.80E−01 | 3.35E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 24 | 51 | 0.00 | 0.33 | 6 | |
| G_12_8 | Neuroprotection | Resourceful | 63 | 3.30E−22 | 2.68E−01 | 6.89E−05 | 1.00E+00 | 173 | 285 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 111 |
| G_39_21 | RGS negative emotionality | 60 | 8.48E−06 | 1.03E−01 | 3.22E−04 | 7.53E−01 | 56 | 37 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 5 | |
| G_7_7 | Olfaction | Dependent | 52 | 9.84E−08 | 3.41E−01 | 1.66E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 145 | 193 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 58 |
| G_21_3 | Cellular senescence | Apathetic | 64 | 8.23E−07 | 3.00E−01 | 1.52E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 60 | 117 | 0.10 | 0.23 | 39 |
| G_39_26 | mTOR myelination | 62 | 1.08E−09 | 2.89E−01 | 5.50E−05 | 1.00E+00 | 20 | 118 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 26 | |
| G_42_39 | Approach-avoidance conflict | 45 | 2.42E−06 | 2.28E−01 | 1.31E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 19 | 52 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 11 | |
| G_35_7 | PI3K-based memory | 67 | 2.64E−05 | 2.15E−01 | 6.19E−04 | 9.15E−01 | 32 | 35 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 12 | |
| G_19_3 | Glucuronidase habit extinction | 80 | 1.05E−05 | 6.97E−02 | 3.35E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 48 | 61 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 5 | |
| G_22_6 | Blood-brain barrier | Dependent | 60 | 1.09E−07 | 2.67E−01 | 1.66E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 37 | 93 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 30 |
| G_20_2 | Enhanced memory | Creative | 78 | 2.39E−07 | 3.15E−01 | 1.08E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 25 | 80 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 18 |
| G_21_17 | TGFβ resistance to aging | 65 | 2.38E−05 | 3.38E−01 | 4.23E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 67 | 105 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 26 | |
| G_36_18 | Brain-RNA-biogenesis | 0 | 1.50E−06 | 2.06E−03 | 2.05E−04 | 8.20E−03 | 19 | 25 | 0.05 | 0.26 | 4 | |
| G_36_29 | Electron transport | Organized | 57 | 4.26E−08 | 3.57E−01 | 6.25E−05 | 1.00E+00 | 25 | 185 | 0.08 | 0.48 | 49 |
| G_14_12 | Ras-based stress memory | 55 | 1.84E−07 | 2.58E−01 | 8.81E−06 | 1.00E+00 | 83 | 74 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 22 | |
| G_25_20 | Fatty acid oxidation | 67 | 9.84E−07 | 1.03E−01 | 1.66E−04 | 7.16E−01 | 33 | 62 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 3 | |
| G_33_33 | TGFβ memory enhancement | 62 | 1.36E−07 | 1.65E−01 | 1.31E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 49 | 47 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 13 | |
| G_9_2 | Serotonin–cytokine interaction | 73 | 1.33E−05 | 3.16E−02 | 3.35E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 140 | 56 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 11 | |
| G_30_9 | Erk-IP3-PKC Interaction | 75 | 2.80E−16 | 2.00E−01 | 1.80E−05 | 1.00E+00 | 69 | 138 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 52* | |
| G_38_17 | MAPK memory enhancement | 46 | 8.72E−06 | 2.20E−01 | 5.60E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 14 | 42 | 0.00 | 0.43 | 13* | |
| G_40_5 | Mannosidase habit extinction | 67 | 3.40E−05 | 5.49E−02 | 3.22E−04 | 2.76E−01 | 16 | 30 | 0.06 | 0.38 | 3* | |
| G_30_28 | Hippocampal synaptic plasticity | 30 | 2.64E−06 | 2.76E−01 | 1.31E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 34 | 53 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 10* | |
| G_16_5 | Erk-IP3-PKC interaction-based stress memory | 71 | 6.39E−10 | 3.87E−01 | 4.62E−04 | 1.00E+00 | 87 | 324 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 1* | |
| G_16_15 | IL-2 neuroimmune response | 43 | 3.E−04 | 9.20E−01 | 4.94E−01 | 1.00E+00 | 94 | 14 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 7** | |
| G_37_6 | Methylation-based gene silencing | 41 | 5.00E−08 | 1.13E−01 | 7.93E−04 | 1.61E−01 | 26 | 34 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 23# | |
| G_41_37 | PI3K-MAPK cognitive function | 51 | 2.08E−05 | 4.95E−02 | 8.22E−04 | 2.96E−01 | 41 | 38 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 11# | |
The SNP sets are named based on molecular pathways and neuronal functions of the genes that distinguish the sets from one another (see Supplementary Table S4). % coding indicates the percentage of protein-coding genes. Strengths of association are compared for the SNP set, the best SNP, and average SNP based on SKAT p-values. The number of subjects and SNPs comprising each SNP set is specified. The probabilities of the well-being and ill-being are given for subjects in each SNP set (see also Supplementary Table S2). Character indicates the association of the set with the Character phenotype (published elsewhere [40]). # Gs indicates the number of genes mapped by the SNP sets (Figure S6), where genes can be mapped by more than one SNP set
*indicates SNP-sets directly associated only with temperament sets